我国病死畜禽无害化处理情况调查及资源化利用展望  

Investigation on the Bio-safety Disposal of Dead or Diseased Animals and Outlook on Reutilization

作　　者：高晟斌 刘瀚泽 韦欣捷[1] 刘爱玲[1] 刘雨萌 徐全刚[1] 王幼明[1] Gao Shengbin;Liu Hanze;Wei Xinjie;Liu Ailing;Liu Yumeng;Xu Quangang;Wang Youming(China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center,Qingdao 266032,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国动物卫生与流行病学中心,山东青岛266032

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2024年第11期72-77,共6页China Animal Health Inspection

摘　　要：为了解我国病死畜禽无害化处理及资源化利用情况,通过问卷调查与现场调查相结合的方式,对我国10省份696个畜禽养殖场户以及44个集中无害化处理场开展了调查。结果显示:我国病死畜禽数量大,处置方式多样,主要包括治疗、掩埋、堆肥、售卖、送无害化处理场处理。其中,送往无害化处理场已成为病死猪的主要处置方式,但鸡、牛、羊被送往无害化处理场处理的比例仍然较低。病死畜禽被送往无害化处理场可以得到进一步资源化利用,产品为肉骨粉和油脂,可用作肥料和生物柴油。国际上允许将病死畜禽按风险等级分类后,对加工提炼的蛋白进行饲料化利用。参考国际经验看,饲料化利用既能有效提升资源化利用的效益产出,促进无害化处理产业发展,又能有效降低染疫动物违规流动风险,减轻动物疫病防控压力,同时可为我国蛋白饲料减量替代开辟新道路,是具有较大发展前景的病死畜禽资源化利用方向。本调查结果为我国开展病死畜禽资源化利用提供了数据支持。In order to investigate the status of bio-safety disposal and reutilization of dead or diseased animals in China,696 animal farms/households and 44 centralised rendering plants in 10 provinces were investigated by means of questionnaires and on-site visit.The results showed that dead or diseased animals,due to their large amount,were disposed of by various methods mainly including treatment,landfill,composting and being sent to centralised rendering plants,especially the last one had become the main method for diseased and dead pigs,while the proportion of such chicken,cattle and sheep being sent to centralised rendering plants was still relatively low.Dead or diseased animals,after being rendered,could be reutilized,as the rendered products included meat and bone meal and greaves,which could be used as fertilisers and biodiesel.The extracted protein could be used as feed after dead or diseased animals were internationally allowed to be classified according to their level of risk.Based on international experience,reutilization as feed could not only effectively improve the output to promote the development of bio-safety disposal industry,but also reduce potential risk of illegal movement of infected animals to relieve the pressure of animal disease prevention and control,opening up a new pathway to reduce protein feed,and directing the reutilization of dead or diseased animals with great prospect.Some data was provided for the reutilization of dead or diseased animals in China by the study.

关 键 词：病死畜禽 无害化处理 资源化利用 问卷调查 

分 类 号：S851[农业科学—预防兽医学]