直肠癌保肛术后患者排便障碍与饮食情况的相关性分析  

Correlation between defecation disorders and diet in patients undergoing sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer

作　　者：陈芷谦 张晓天 杨亚楠 于淼[1] 陈泓伯 李葆华[1] Chen Zhiqian;Zhang Xiaotian;Yang Yanan;Yu Miao;Chen Hongbo;Li Baohua(Nursing Department,Peking University Third Hospital,Beijing 100191,China;School of Nursing,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学第三医院护理部,北京100191 [2]北京大学护理学院,北京100191

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2024年第34期4634-4640,共7页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

摘　　要：目的探讨直肠癌保肛术后患者排便障碍与饮食情况的相关性。方法本研究为横断面研究。采用便利抽样法,选取2021—2023年于北京大学第三医院住院的159例直肠癌保肛术后患者为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、食物频率问卷、排便情况调查问卷对其进行调查。结果159名直肠癌保肛术后患者排便障碍发生率为74.2%(118/159),排便障碍类型发生率从高到低依次为"便频(96/159,60.4%)""便秘(37/159,23.3%)""腹泻(33/159,20.8%)"和"便失禁(24/159,15.1%)"。饮食共聚类为九类(蔬菜水果、碳水主食、红肉食物、产气类食物、奶制品、白肉食物、甜品类食物、高脂类食物和辛辣刺激食物)。二项Logistic回归分析结果显示,红肉食物、产气类食物是便频的影响因素(P<0.05);红肉食物是腹泻的影响因素(P<0.05);碳水主食是便失禁的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论直肠癌保肛术后患者排便障碍发生率较高,应适当控制红肉食物、产气类食物和碳水主食的摄入;临床医护人员应重点关注老年患者的饮食情况。ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between defecation disorders and diet in patients undergoing sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional survey.From 2021 to 2023,convenience sampling was used to select 159 patients with rectal cancer who underwent sphincter-preserving surgery at Peking University Third Hospital as participants.The General Information Questionnaire,Food Frequency Questionnaire,and Defecation Questionnaire were used for the survey.ResultsThe incidence of defecation disorders in 159 patients with rectal cancer after sphincter-preserving surgery was 74.2%(118/159),and the types of defecation disorders with high to low incidence were"frequent defecation(96/159,60.4%)""constipation(37/159,23.3%)""diarrhea(33/159,20.8%)"and"fecal incontinence"(24/159,15.1%).Diets were clustered into 9 categories(vegetables and fruits,carbohydrate staple foods,red meat foods,gas producing foods,dairy products,white meat foods,dessert foods,high-fat foods,and spicy and stimulating foods).Binomial Logistic regression analysis showed that red meat foods and gas producing foods were the influencing factors of frequent defecation(P<0.05),red meat foods was the influencing factor of diarrhea(P<0.05),and carbohydrate staple foods was the influencing factor of fecal incontinence(P<0.05).ConclusionsThe incidence of defecation disorders in patients with rectal cancer after sphincter-preserving surgery is relatively high,and the intake of red meat foods,gas producing foods,and carbohydrate staple foods should be appropriately controlled.Clinical medical and nursing staff should pay close attention to the diet of elderly patients.

关 键 词：直肠癌保肛术 排便障碍 饮食 系统聚类 

分 类 号：R473.73[医药卫生—护理学]