水泥基电池和超级电容器的制备及储能机理的研究进展  

Energy Storage Mechanism and Preparation of Cement-Based Battery and Supercapacitor:A Review

作　　者：席翔 赵子杰 王琳 宋子健[1] 储洪强 蒋林华[1] 冉千平[2,3] 无 XI Xiang;ZHAO Zijie;WANG Lin;SONG Zijian;CHU Hongqiang;JIANG Linhua;RAN Qianping;无(College of Civil and Transportation Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Civil Engineering Materials,Jiangsu Research Institute of Building Science Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210008,China;School of Information Science and Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学土木与交通学院,南京210098 [2]江苏省建筑科学研究院有限公司,高性能土木工程材料国家重点实验室,南京210008 [3]东南大学信息科学与工程学院,南京210096 [4]东南大学材料科学与工程学院,南京211189

出　　处：《硅酸盐学报》2024年第11期3650-3662,共13页Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52079048);江苏省自然科学基金青年项目(BK20230963)。

摘　　要：“双碳”背景下,利用水泥基电池和超级电容器作为新能源电力系统的储能装置,有利于平衡新能源供需波动。但目前对二者的研究尚处于起步阶段,对储能机理和储能结构设计的认识仍存在不足。本文综述了水泥基电池和超级电容器的研究现状,包括储能机理、主要组成部分、储能性能的影响因素、储能结构的设计等。研究表明:水泥基电池储能依靠氧化还原反应产生的电荷在阳极-阴极-电解质之间定向移动;而水泥基超级电容器则依靠“双电层”电容效应和/或赝电容效应;在水泥基电池和超级电容器的设计中,在电极材料中通过添加导电材料提高电子电导率,在电解质中通过添加可溶性盐和导电高分子提高离子电导率;水泥基材料制备过程中的水胶比、碱激发胶凝材料制备过程中的模数均会影响水泥基电池和超级电容器的储能性能;减水剂对储能性能的影响尚不明确。最后针对今后需要深入开展的相关研究提出建议。Renewable energy is now facing a challenge that the demand and supply of energy is not stable,which should be balanced by energy storage.The energy can be stored chemically,physically,or in a hybrid.However,most energy storage suffers from one or more of the following:pollution caused by the leakage of the electrolyte in batteries and supercapacitors;limitation to the location of pumped storage;high cost of flywheel battery,etc.Energy storage by a cement-based structure is attractive and promising due to advantages such as low cost,no pollution to the environment,high durability,large energy storage volume,and multi-functional properties.The energy can be stored in a cement-based battery or a cement-based supercapacitor.The mechanism behind them is different.The cement-based battery pertains to the traveling of charges(produced by redox reaction)among the anode,electrolyte,and cathode.The cement-based supercapacitor relies on the interaction of charges and electrodes,providing double-layer capacitance and/or pseudo capacitance.The design of both cement-based energy storage devices involves the design of the structure and composition of electrodes,particularly the active components,the type and concentration of ions in electrolytes,separators,and current collectors.To evaluate the performance of cement-based batteries and supercapacitors,energy-related parameters,such as electrical resistivity,relative permittivity,specific capacitance,power density,energy density,and capacitance retention,are used.In the design of a cement-based battery or supercapacitor,the electronic resistivity of electrodes should be low enough to increase the current density and energy density;the ionic conductivity of electrolytes should be high to facilitate ion movement between two electrodes;the separator should be porous and insulating to allow ions to go through and hinder electrons;the electrical resistivity of the contact materials between electrodes and current collectors should be low to decrease the contact resistance;the porosity

关 键 词：水泥基材料 储能 电池 超级电容器 电导率 

分 类 号：TM53[电气工程—电器] TM91