论高级别自动驾驶汽车责任保险制度的构建  

On the Construction of a Liability Insurance System for Highly Automated Driving Vehicles

作　　者：沈小军 Shen Xiaojun

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学法学院

出　　处：《东方法学》2024年第6期84-97,共14页Oriental Law

基　　金：上海财经大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(项目批准号:2022110090);广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(项目批准号:GD22XFX06);广东省普通高校认定类科研项目特色创新类项目(项目批准号:2023WTSCX098)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：在完全和高度自动驾驶阶段,使用者因对机动车的运行无法施加影响,已经成为机动车责任保险的第三者,而非被保险人。在有条件自动驾驶阶段,使用者对系统发出动态驾驶任务接管请求负有适当干预的义务,这一过错责任仍然受到机动车责任保险的保障。高级别自动驾驶汽车需要引入抽象的保有人作为事故责任主体,机动车责任保险应为保有人和生产者提供保险保障。除机动车交通事故责任强制保险责任限额内的保险给付外,机动车第三者责任保险保障范围内的自动驾驶汽车事故也应当适用无过错责任。交强险的责任限额和分项限额限制了受害人的救济,在引入最低投保金额并统一机动车交通事故责任强制保险和机动车第三者责任保险后,保险给付应回归完全赔偿原则。为强化对受害人的保护,保险人向其主张保险内部关系的抗辩应受到限制,并可在赔付受害人后向生产者或其保险人追偿,但驾驶行为存在缺陷不再是向被保险人行使追偿权的事由。At the stages of full and high-level autonomous driving,users,who can no longer influence the operation of the vehicle,become third parties under motor vehicle liability insurance rather than the insured.During the conditional autonomous driving stage,users are obligated to intervene appropriately when the system requests the takeover of dynamic driving tasks,and this fault liability remains covered by motor vehicle liability insurance.Highly automated driving vehicles require the introduction of an abstract"holder"as the party responsible for accidents,and motor vehicle liability insurance should provide coverage for both the holder and the manufacturer.In addition to the compensation within the liability limits of compulsory motor vehicle traffic accident insurance,accidents involving autonomous vehicles covered by third-party liability insurance should also follow a no-fault liability principle.The liability limits and sub-limits of compulsory traffic insurance restrict the victim's relief.After introducing a minimum insured amount and unifying compulsory motor vehicle traffic accident liability insurance with motor vehicle third-party liability insurance,compensation should follow the principle of full indemnity.To strengthen the protection of victims,the insurer's defenses based on internal insurance relationships should be restricted,and the insurer should be allowed to seek recourse from the manufacturer or its insurer after compensating the victim.However,defects in driving behavior will no longer be the grounds for exercising the right of recovery against the insured.

关 键 词：高级别自动驾驶汽车 机动车责任保险 机动车交通事故责任强制保险 机动车第三者责任保险 受害人保护 追偿 

分 类 号：DF52[政治法律—民商法学]