数据登记私法行为规范的参照论  

Reference Theory of the Norms Governing the Data Registration Behavior in Private Law

作　　者：曹新舒 Cao Xinshu

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学民商法学院

出　　处：《东方法学》2024年第6期98-110,共13页Oriental Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“企业数据确权和流转中的登记问题研究”(项目批准号:23BFX075);重庆市研究生科研创新项目“训练数据公共役权的构建与实现研究”(项目批准号:CYB240153)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：数据登记参照物权登记建构需进行构成要件与法律效果的相似性论证。构成要件即数据登记能力判断,其分为“能否登记”之事实判断与“应否登记”之价值判断。在事实判断方面,参照“物的空间特定”形成“处于数字空间可识节点”标准,参照“物权观念特定”形成“观念控制具备技术可识性、访问独立性、识别唯一性、不可篡改性”标准。在价值判断方面,参照不动产登记形成“禁止登记→无需登记→鼓励登记→应当登记”递进标准,以此分别衡量数据本体类型与数据上理论权利类型,可得不应赋予登记能力的数据登记对象。参照物权登记法律效果建构的数据登记效力体系包括:参照物权规范生成史承认数据登记的造权效力,参照物权登记对物权变动控制程度进行数据登记对抗力与设权力的梯度建构,参照第三人保护制度进行数据登记公信力的限制性建构。The construction of data registration by analogy to real right registration requires demonstrating the similarity of constituent elements and legal effects.These constituent elements involve determining the registration capacity of data,which is divided into a factual judgment of"whether it can be registered"and a value judgment of"whether it should be registered".In terms of factual judgment,the standard of"recognizable node in digital space"is formed by referring to"spatial specificity of objects",and the standards of"technical recognizability,independent accessibility,unique identification,and immutability of conceptual control"are formed by referring to"conceptual specificity of real rights".For value judgment,from"prohibition of registration","no need for registration","encouragement of registration",to"mandatory registration",they are derived by referring to real estate registration.This standard is to respectively evaluate different types of data ontology and the type of theoretical rights in the data,allowing the exclusion of data objects that should not be granted registration capacity.The legal effect system of data registration constructed by referring to real right registration includes the recognizing the right-creating effect of data registration based on the historical development of real right norms,establishing a gradient system of defense capacity and right-creation for data registration by referring to the degree of control over the real rights transfer in property registration,and building a restrictive framework for the credibility of data registration by referring to the protection mechanisms for third parties.

关 键 词：数据登记 登记能力 登记效力 私法行为规范 数据产权 数据确权 

分 类 号：DF51[政治法律—民商法学]