元宇宙“人身侵害”刑法应对的反思与修正  

Reflections and Revisions on Criminal Law Responses to Personal Injury in the Metaverse

作　　者：敖博 Ao Bo

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学刑事法学院

出　　处：《东方法学》2024年第6期135-147,共13页Oriental Law

基　　金：“国家资助博士后研究人员计划”(项目批准号:GZC20230818);国家社会科学基金青年项目“行刑共治视域下滥用数据要素信用惩戒机制研究”(项目批准号:24CFX099)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：元宇宙在带来新的发展机遇与互动方式的同时,也潜藏着“人身侵害”的风险。元宇宙有限沉浸性所引发的深度冒犯是刑法介入元宇宙“人身侵害”的法理依据,社会控制理论、社会学习理论则为刑法介入提供了犯罪学上的理由。“个人—支配犯”的应对模式在解释论上无法成立,元宇宙“人身侵害”不符合绝大多数侵犯公民人身权利犯罪的构成要件,且因匿名性带来的认识错误问题进一步限缩了此类犯罪的适用空间。以义务犯理论为基础并考虑到平台履行积极义务的优势,应以“平台—义务犯”作为元宇宙“人身侵害”的刑法应对模式,从义务类型、功能需求、行刑衔接三个方面对拒不履行信息网络安全管理义务罪作解释论上的限制,同时充分发挥软法的引导功能与行政法的管控功能,使拒不履行信息网络安全管理义务罪居于“备而慎用”的状态,以实现对元宇宙“人身侵害”的合理规制。While the metaverse brings new opportunities for development and interaction,it also harbors risks of"personal injury".The offenses caused by the limited immersion of the metaverse are the legal basis for criminal law intervention in cases of"personal injury"in virtual environments.Criminology theories,such as social control and social learning,justify the need for criminal law involvement.The response model of"individual-dominating offender"is untenable,as most metaverse-related personal injuries do not meet the elements of crimes involving violations of personal rights.Furthermore,the problem of misperception due to anonymity further limits the scope of application of these crimes.Grounded in the duty-based crime theory and considering the platforms'role in fulfilling positive obligations,the"platform-offense of duty"model should be adopted as the criminal law response model for the metaverse"personal infringement".It involves limiting the interpretation of the crime of refusing to perform the information network security management obligations based on duty types,functional requirements,and the connection between administrative law enforcement and criminal justice.At the same time,it pursues the guiding role of soft law and the regulatory function of administrative law and ensures that the crime of refusing to perform the information network security management obligations is in the state of"preparedness but prudent use",in order to provide reasonable regulation of personal injury in the metaverse.

关 键 词：元宇宙 人身侵害 冒犯原则 支配犯 义务犯 拒不履行信息网络安全管理义务罪 

分 类 号：DF61[政治法律—刑法学]