论商业性代孕的刑法规制  

On the Criminal Regulation of Commercial Surrogacy

作　　者：刘长秋 Liu Changqiu

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院刑事司法学院(纪检监察学院) [2]安徽医科大学

出　　处：《东方法学》2024年第6期175-186,共12页Oriental Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“我国生物安全法治保障体系研究”(项目批准号:20&ZD174)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：代孕作为人类辅助生殖技术发展的副产物,一直备受争议。在应否运用刑法规制代孕的问题上,学界存在赞成说、反对说两种截然不同的学说,反对说总体上居于主导地位。刑法介入商业性代孕规制具有充分的正当性。刑法介入商业性代孕不仅是刑法自身的使命担当,也是法律保障人性的必然要求,还是域外刑事立法应对代孕的普遍经验,更是弥补我国已有规制手段不足的客观选择。代孕具有明显的社会危害性,但我国还没有将代孕入刑,致使刑法在应对商业性代孕方面捉襟见肘。在我国已经穷尽了其他规制手段仍无法阻止商业性代孕泛滥的情势下,运用刑法对代孕施以规制已经成为必要选择。目前,人们对非商业性代孕应否被禁止还没有找到社会最大公约数,将社会危害性更为严重的商业性代孕入刑,应当成为我国刑法规制代孕的基本立场。为此,需要在我国刑法中明确增设有关商业性代孕的相关罪名及其刑事责任。对于非商业性代孕行为,则可以考虑暂时不入刑而使用其他法律调整。Surrogacy,as a byproduct of advancements in assisted reproductive technologies,has been a subject of ongoing controversy.Within academic circles,there are two distinct opinions regarding whether criminal law should regulate surrogacy,while the opposition generally takes a dominant position.The justification for criminal law intervention in surrogacy is compelling.Criminal law intervention is not only a responsibility of the criminal law itself but also the necessary requirement of law to safeguard human dignity.Additionally,such intervention is the universal experience of overseas criminal legislation to deal with surrogacy and the objective choice to make up for the insufficiency of the existing regulatory means in China.Surrogacy presents significant social harms,but China has not criminalized it,leaving the criminal law ill-equipped to respond effectively.Given the inability of other regulatory approaches to curb surrogacy,criminal law regulation has become an essential choice.While there is still no social consensus on whether non-commercial surrogacy should be banned at present,criminalizing commercial surrogacy which is more serious in terms of social harm should be the fundamental position of China's criminal law to regulate surrogacy.To this end,it is necessary to explicitly introduce relevant commercial surrogacy offenses and corresponding criminal liabilities into Chinese criminal law.As for non-commercial surrogacy,consideration may be given to temporarily refraining from criminalization while utilizing other legal adjustment methods.

关 键 词：代孕 辅助生殖 刑法规制 生命伦理 代孕入刑 商业性代孕 

分 类 号：DF61[政治法律—刑法学]