超越文本主义——中国《民法典》适用的方法论研究  

Beyond Textualism: A Methodological Study on the Application of China's Civil Code

作　　者：龙卫球 陈子涵[2] Long Weiqiu;Chen Zihan

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学人文与社会科学高等研究院 [2]北京航空航天大学法学院,北京100191

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2024年第10期63-72,F0002,178,共12页Exploration and Free Views

摘　　要：在当代法治实践语境下,民法典的法律适用问题涉及复杂的论证模型或者说适用方法的选择。以往,在概念法学及实证主义法学语境下,民法典适用通常固守文本主义方法论,在法律解释上依赖文义解释、形式化的体系解释、客观意义的历史解释以及极其有限的具体化的客观规范目的解释,同时在法律补充上表现得极为谨慎。我国《民法典》则有所不同,其在立法理念、表达方式、结构体系等方面与以往有明显的差异性,特别是对立法政策意图的明确表达,对价值观和原则的宣示,对形式化体系功能化、动态化的变造等,使其实施或适用有必要超越严格的文本主义方法论,特别是应当超越简单确定化的解释框架。这意味着,我国《民法典》法律适用的论证模型已经演化出一种新路径,应当加入立法意图解释、原则或价值融贯解释、功能解释、动态解释等方法。In the context of contemporary legal practice, the application of China's Civil Code presents complex challenges in selecting appropriate argumentation models or methods for legal application. Traditionally, within the frameworks of jurisprudence of concepts or legal positivism, the application of civil codes adhered strictly to textualist methodologies, relying heavily on literal interpretation, formal systematic interpretation, objective historical interpretation, and highly limited specific objective teleological interpretation, while exercising extreme caution in legal supplementation. However, China's Civil Code differs significantly in its legislative concepts, expressions, and structural systems. It explicitly expresses legislative policy intentions, declares values and principles, and adjusts the formal legal system towards a more functional and dynamic framework. This necessitates moving beyond strict textualism and simplistic deterministic interpretative frameworks. Consequently, the argumentation model for the legal application of China's Civil Code has evolved into a new approach, incorporating methods such as interpretation of legislative intent, coherent interpretation based on principles or values, functional interpretation, and dynamic interpretation for comprehensive consideration.

关 键 词：《民法典》 超越文本主义 立法意图解释 功能解释 动态解释 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]