事故灾难应急协同网络的结构特征及优化策略研究  

Research on structural characteristics and optimization strategy of accident and disaster emergency coordination network

作　　者：董欣静 蔡劲松 DONG Xinjing;CAI Jinsong(School of Public Administration,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学公共管理学院,北京100191

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2024年第10期229-237,共9页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金资助(22VRC059);国家社科基金重大项目资助(22ZDA119)。

摘　　要：为破解应急协同网络“碎片化”弊端,提升事故灾难应急管理效能,选取3起典型事故灾难,基于协同治理理论,运用社会网络分析(SNA)法构建“网络密度-平均路径距离”网络结构分析框架,梳理各应急主体间协同关系。在宏观层面,借助网络规模、密度、最短路径、凝聚力、中心势等指标描绘应急协同网络的整体特征;在中观层面,借助凝聚子群分析应急协同聚类;在微观层面,通过点度中心度、接近中心度以及中介中心度三重指标,研判网络中节点特征。结果表明:长沙自建房坍塌事故、响水爆炸事故、欣佳酒店坍塌事故应急协同网络结构分别为紧密-协作型、紧密-集中型、松散-协作型;3起事故的凝聚子群划分标准均为应急事项的专业属性;应从明晰应急主体权责划分、调适异质化利益诉求,增强核心节点牵头力、发挥关键枢纽桥梁作用,推动应急文化深层嵌入、赋能内生性协同治理3个维度优化应急协同网络。In order to address the"fragmentation"issue in emergency collaboration networks and enhance the effectiveness of emergency management in response to accident disasters,three typical accident disasters were selected.Based on theory of collaborative governance,a"network density-average path distance"analytical framework was constructed using SNA to map the collaborative relationships among various emergency response entities.At the macro level,indicators such as network size,density,shortest path,cohesion,and centralization were employed to portray the overall characteristics of the emergency collaboration networks.At the meso level,cohesive subgroups were analyzed to explore the clustering patterns of emergency collaboration,with the criterion for subgroup division being the professional nature of emergency matters in all three cases.At the micro level,the characteristics of nodes within the networks were evaluated through the triple indices of degree centrality,closeness centrality,and betweenness centrality.The results indicate that emergency collaboration networks of Changsha self-built building collapse,Xiangshui explosion,and Xinjia hotel collapse accidents exhibited tight-collaboration,tight-centralization,and loose-collaboration structures,respectively.It is recommended that the emergency collaboration networks be optimized from three dimensions:clarifying the rights and responsibilities of emergency response stakeholders,adjusting heterogeneous interest demands,strengthening the leadership of core nodes and leveraging their pivotal roles,and promoting the deep embedding of emergency culture to empower endogenous collaborative governance.

关 键 词：事故灾难 应急协同网络 网络结构特征 协同治理 社会网络分析(SNA) 

分 类 号：X928.04[环境科学与工程—安全科学]