MHCⅠ分子与交叉递呈机制的研究与应用进展  

MHCⅠmolecules and cross-presentation mechanism research and application progress

作　　者：刘森 韦少强 张世栋[1] LIU Sen;WEI Shaoqiang;ZHANG Shidong(Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《中国兽医科学》2024年第11期1540-1545,共6页Chinese Veterinary Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31972732);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(20JR5RA577);兰州市青年科技人才创新项目(2023-QN-4)。

摘　　要：脊椎动物的主要组织相容性复合体(major histocompatibility complex,MHC)在免疫反应中对抗原递呈起着关键作用。经典的抗原递呈中MHCⅠ分子递呈内源性抗原,而交叉递呈中MHCⅠ分子可递呈外源性抗原。交叉递呈在抗菌、抗肿瘤以及免疫耐受中具有重要作用,它的发现为外源性抗原递呈研究提供了新的理论依据。交叉递呈是一个复杂的过程——从外源性抗原获取到抗原递呈需要多种蛋白分子参与。高效的交叉递呈对于构建强大的免疫应答和抗感染非常重要,有助于机体免疫系统准确识别和清除被感染的细胞,并促进适应性免疫应答的启动。将纳米技术与疫苗技术相结合研发的新型纳米疫苗能靶向性提高外源性抗原交叉递呈的效率,促进抗原递呈细胞成熟,增强机体特异性免疫应答,且与传统疫苗相比具有安全性更高,稳定性更好的优点。本文主要综述了MHCⅠ分子递呈外源性抗原的分子机制,以及利用交叉递呈机制设计与研发纳米疫苗的现状,并展望了交叉递呈与纳米疫苗的研发前景。The major histocompatibility complex(MHC)in vertebrates is crucial for antigen presentation in immune response.MHCⅠusually presents endogenous antigens in classical presentatin,while MHCⅠalso presents exogenous antigens in cross-presentation,which is important for antibacterial,anti-tumor immunity,and immune tolerance.This discovery has advanced a new theoretical basis for the study of exogenous antigen pre-sentation.Cross-presentation is a complex process involving of the presentation of exogenous antigens by various proteins.Efficient cross-presentation is very important for building a strong immune response and anti-infection,which helps body's immune system to accurately recognize and eliminate infected cells,and also promote adaptive immune response.The combination of nanotechnology and vaccine technology produces the new nanovaccine that can targetively improve the efficiency of exogenous antigen cross-presentation.It promotes the maturation of antigen-presenting cells and activates specific immune responses,and offer improved security and stability compared with traditional vaccines.This paper reviewed molecular pathways of MHCⅠcross-presentation and the application progress of nanovaccine development based on theory of cross-presentation,and looks forward the research and development prospects of cross-presentation and nanovaccine.

关 键 词：主要组织相容性复合体 交叉递呈 外源性抗原 免疫反应 纳米疫苗 

分 类 号：S852.43[农业科学—基础兽医学]