核酸结合蛋白的一维运动及其生物学功能  

One-Dimensional Movements of Nucleic Acid-Binding Proteins and Their Biological Functions

作　　者：杨晓文 刘珈泉 YANG Xiaowen;LIU Jiaquan(Key Laboratory of RNA Innovation,Science and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science,Shanghai 200031,China)

机构地区：[1]核糖核酸功能与应用重点实验室,中国科学院分子细胞科学卓越创新中心,上海200031

出　　处：《中国细胞生物学学报》2024年第11期1855-1868,共14页Chinese Journal of Cell Biology

摘　　要：许多动力学研究已经观察到核酸结合蛋白在大分子核酸上的一维运动。尽管这些运动通常并不依赖特定的核酸序列,但它们在各种生命活动中具有重要作用。例如,转录因子通过一维运动靶向启动子或增强子区域并调控基因表达、DNA修复蛋白通过一维运动检测DNA损伤和传递修复信号、染色体结构维持蛋白通过一维运动调控染色体的结构等。当前,揭示核酸结合蛋白一维运动的生理功能和意义仍然是核酸生物学研究的一大挑战。该文将介绍核酸结合蛋白一维运动的模式,探讨单分子技术在实时观测核酸结合蛋白一维运动中的应用及其优势,并总结最近发现的核酸结合蛋白一维运动的生物学功能。Numerous kinetic studies have documented the 1D(one-dimensional)movements of nucleic acid-binding proteins along macromolecular nucleic acid.These movements,although generally independent of specific nucleic acid sequences,play critical roles in various biological processes.For example,transcription factors locate promoter or enhancer regions through 1D movements to regulate gene expression;DNA repair proteins detect DNA damage and initiate repair signals by 1D movements;SMCs(structural maintenance of chromosomes)also employ 1D movements to regulate chromosome structure,etc.However,evaluating the physiological significance of these motions in relation to the nucleic acid-binding protein’s functions remains a major challenge.This paper will introduce the modes of 1D movements of the nucleic acid-binding proteins,discuss the applications and advantages of single-molecule techniques for real-time observation of 1D movement,and summarize recent discoveries regarding their biological functions.

关 键 词：核酸结合蛋白 一维运动 单分子技术 

分 类 号：Q75[生物学—分子生物学]