磷肥配施对黑土磷素形态及有效性的影响  

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Distribution on Phosphorus Mor⁃phology and Effectiveness in Black Soil

作　　者：雷烁 李翠兰[1,2] 谢修鸿 张晋京 高强[1,2] LEI Shuo;LI Cuilan;XIE Xiuhong;ZHANG Jinjing;GAO Qiang(College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in Commercial Grain Bases,Changchun 130118,China;College of Landscape Architecture,Changchun University,Changchun 130022,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118 [2]吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室,长春130118 [3]长春大学园林学院,长春130022

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2024年第5期802-808,共7页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200205);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-38);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20170101070JC)。

摘　　要：通过2年田间试验,采用修正的Hedley磷素分级方法,定量评价不同种类磷肥配施在土壤不同磷库中的分配及其有效性变化,为提出玉米种植体系“磷源-作物-土壤”相匹配方案提供基础支撑。试验共设6个处理:不施磷肥(ck)、100%磷酸二铵(FP)、25%钙镁磷肥+75%磷酸二铵(T1)、50%钙镁磷肥+50%磷酸二铵(T2)、75%钙镁磷肥+25%磷酸二铵(T3)、聚磷酸铵∶磷酸二铵=2∶1(T4)。结果表明:施用磷肥能显著增加玉米产量,增产幅度为9.13%~25.39%;T1~T4的玉米产量与FP基本持平。施用磷肥可以增加玉米植株吸磷量,其磷肥利用率为10.61%~22.24%;T1~T4的磷肥利用率比FP显著提高5.72~11.63百分点。施用磷肥能显著提高土壤有效磷含量和磷活化系数,与FP相比,T1~T4的土壤有效磷含量增加5.86%~24.91%,其中T1更能显著提高土壤磷的生物有效性。施用磷肥能显著提高土壤活性磷和低活性磷含量,显著降低中活性磷含量;T1~T4的土壤活性磷含量比FP提高7.05%~28.79%。磷肥配施增加了土壤活性磷(H2O-P、NaHCO3-P)和低活性磷(HCl-P)的含量,降低了中活性磷(NaOH-P)和残余磷(Res-P)占总磷的比例。合理的磷肥配施推荐25%钙镁磷肥+75%磷酸二铵(T1),促进了土壤中活性磷向活性磷转化,提高土壤磷素的生物有效性,有利于玉米产量形成和提高磷肥利用率。Through two years of field experiments,a modified Hedley phosphorus classification method was used to quantitatively evaluate the distribution and effectiveness changes of different types of phosphorus fertilizers in different phosphorus pools,so as to provide basic support for the proposal of a“phosphorus source-crop-soil”matching scheme for maize planting system.There were six treatments in the experiment:no phosphate fertilizer(ck),100%diammonium phosphate(FP),25%calcium-magnesium phosphate+75%diammonium phosphate(T1),50%calciummagnesium phosphate+50%diammonium phosphate(T2),75%calcium-magnesium phosphate+25%diammonium phosphate(T3),and ammonium polyphosphate∶diammonium phosphate=2∶1(T4).The results showed that the application of phosphorus fertilizer could significantly increase maize yield,with an increase in yield range of 9.13%to 25.39%;the maize yield of T1-T4 was basically the same as that of FP.The application of phosphorus fertilizer could increase the phosphorus uptake of maize plants,and its phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate ranged from 10.61%to 22.24%;the phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate of T1-T4 significantly increased,by 5.72-11.63%compared with FP.The application of phosphorus fertilizer could significantly increase soil effective phosphorus content and phosphorus activation coefficient,and soil effective phosphorus content of T1-T4 increased by 5.86%-24.91%compared with FP,of which T1 could more significantly increase the bioeffectiveness of soil phosphorus.The application of phosphorus fertilizer significantly increased soil active and low active phosphorus content and significantly decreased medium active phosphorus content;soil active phosphorus content of T1-T4 increased by 7.05%-28.79%compared with FP.The application of phosphorus fertilizer increased the content of soil active phosphorus(H2O-P,NaHCO3-P)and low active phosphorus(HCl-P),while reducing the proportion of medium active phosphorus(NaOH-P)and residual phosphorus(Res-P)to total phosphorus.Therefore,under the con

关 键 词：磷肥 黑土 磷素形态 磷素有效性 玉米 产量 

分 类 号：S143.2[农业科学—肥料学]