氮肥添加对不同酸度黑钙土氮素转化及酸度变化的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Addition on Nitrogen Conversion and Acidity Changes of Chernozem Soil with Different Acidity Levels

作　　者：李宜联 郭媛 郭策 贺秀娟 赵兴敏[1,2] 王鸿斌 隋标[1,2] LI Yilian;GUO Yuan;GUO Ce;HE Xiujuan;ZHAO Xingmin;WANG Hong-bin;SUI Biao(College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in Commercial Grain Bases,Changchun 130118,China;Urumqi Jingcheng Testing Technology Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi 830022,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118 [2]吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验,长春130118 [3]乌鲁木齐京诚检测技术有限公司,乌鲁木齐830022

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2024年第5期809-818,共10页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300201);吉林省重大科技专项(20200503004SF)。

摘　　要：以pH为5.38,6.54,7.16,8.11(pH 5,6,7,8)的黑钙土为研究对象,室内恒温培养89 d(于培养0,1,4,7,14,21,28,42,89 d取样),研究添加氮肥(尿素、磷酸二铵)对黑钙土氮素转化及酸度的影响。结果表明:施加尿素处理不同酸度黑钙土中,铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量、硝化速率和矿化速率分别为对照处理的5.77~6.57倍,2.00~2.88倍,3.41~9.20倍和4.93~8.71倍;施加磷酸二铵处理不同酸度黑钙土中,铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量、硝化速率和矿化速率分别为对照处理的7.92~8.81倍,1.99~2.78倍,2.84~9.02倍和2.13~7.09倍,说明尿素的添加更有利于黑钙土硝态氮含量、硝化及矿化速率的提高,磷酸二铵的添加更有利于黑钙土铵态氮含量的提高。培养结束时,施加尿素和磷酸二铵条件下,4种黑钙土pH较对照处理分别下降了0.72,0.53,0.94,0.44和0.89,0.58,1.18,0.54个单位,说明氮肥施加明显降低了黑钙土pH。2种氮肥施加后,不同酸度黑钙土铵态氮含量大小顺序均为pH 5>pH 6≥pH 7>pH 8,硝态氮含量大小顺序均为pH 8>pH 5>pH 7≥pH 6,硝化速率大小顺序均为pH 8>pH 7>pH 5>pH 6,矿化速率大小顺序均为pH 8>pH 5>pH 7≥pH 6,说明黑钙土pH越低,土壤铵态氮浓度增量越高,酸性和碱性黑钙土的硝态氮含量高于中性黑钙土,黑钙土越接近中性,其硝化及矿化速率越低。综上,添加氮肥不同程度上提升了不同酸度黑钙土铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量、硝化速率和矿化速率,但也会加剧土壤酸化。Taking chernozem with pH values of 5.38,6.54,7.16 and 8.11(pH 5,6,7,8)as the research object,indoor constant temperature cultivation was conducted for 89 d(sampling at 0,1,4,7,14,21,28,42 and 89 days)to study the effects of adding nitrogen fertilizer(urea,diammonium phosphate)on nitrogen conversion and acidity of chernozem.The results showed that ammonium nitrogen content,nitrate nitrogen content,nitrification rate and mineralization rate in chernozem with different acidity under urea treatment were 5.77-6.57 times,2.00-2.88 times,3.41-9.20 times and 4.93-8.71 times respectively of the control treatment.Ammonium nitrogen content,nitrate nitrogen content,nitrification rate and mineralization rate of chernozem with different acidity under diammonium phosphate treatment were 7.92-8.81 times,1.99-2.78 times,2.84-9.02 times and 2.13-7.09 times respectively of the control treatment.The results indicated that the addition of urea is more favorable to the increase of nitrate nitrogen content,nitrification rate and mineralization rate,and the addition of diammonium phosphate is more favorable to the increase of ammonium nitrogen content in chernozem.At the end of cultivation,the pH values of the four chernozems under the conditions of urea and diammonium phosphate decreased by 0.72,0.53,0.94,0.44 and 0.89,0.58,1.18,0.54 units,respectively,compared with the control treatment,indicating that the application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly reduces the pH value of chernozem.After the application of two nitrogen fertilizers,the order of ammonium nitrogen content in chernozem with different acidity was pH5>pH6≥pH7>pH8,the order of nitrate nitrogen content was pH8>pH5>pH7≥pH6,the order of nitrification rate was pH8>pH7>pH5>pH6,and the order of mineralization rate was pH8>pH5>pH7≥pH6,indicating that the lower the pH value of chernozem,the higher the increase of ammonium nitrogen concentration in the soil,and the nitrate nitrogen content of acidic and alkaline chernozem is higher than that of neutral chernozem.The close

关 键 词：黑钙土 氮肥 铵态氮 硝态氮 pH 硝化速率 矿化速率 

分 类 号：S156.6[农业科学—土壤学]