不同滴灌方式下玉米秸秆还田土壤酶活性变化特征  

Characteristics of Soil Enzyme Activity Changes in Maize Straw Re⁃turn under Different Drip Irrigation Methods

作　　者：梁欣冉 曹国军[1] 耿玉辉[1] 董浩 李昊 申凯宏 刘思航 LIANG Xinran;CAO Guojun;GENG Yuhui;DONG Hao;LI Hao;SHEN Kaihong;LIU Sihang(College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2024年第5期819-827,共9页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：吉林省重大科技专项(20220302005NC);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201505)。

摘　　要：研究不同滴灌方式下秸秆还田对土壤酶活性及春玉米产量的影响,为干旱地区土壤肥力培育及玉米高产稳产提供科学理论依据。试验采用裂区设计,设秸秆处理、滴灌方式和灌溉定额3个因素。秸秆处理分为秸秆还田(J)12 t/hm^(2)和秸秆离田(R);滴灌方式分为膜下滴灌(M)和浅埋滴灌(Q);灌溉定额设3个水平,分别为W1(50 mm),W2(150 mm)和W3(250 mm)。通过田间试验,探讨在不同滴灌方式下秸秆还田对土壤酶活性及玉米产量的影响。结果表明:秸秆还田与膜下滴灌相结合的模式在灌溉定额250 mm条件下,可显著提高土壤脲酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性。秸秆还田与膜下滴灌相结合的模式比秸秆还田与浅埋滴灌相结合的模式脲酶活性提高9.64%,磷酸酶活性提高5.05%,过氧化氢酶活性提高3.12%。秸秆还田与膜下滴灌相结合比秸秆离田结合膜下滴灌模式土壤有机质、速效氮、磷、钾分别提高13.17%,14.84%,9.79%,39.03%。秸秆还田与膜下滴灌相结合的种植模式提高了春玉米产量,在灌溉定额250 mm条件下,秸秆还田结合膜下滴灌的模式比秸秆离田结合膜下滴灌的模式玉米产量提高42.53%,比秸秆还田结合浅埋滴灌的模式产量提高5.92%。秸秆还田与膜下滴灌相结合的模式在适宜的灌溉条件下可显著提高土壤酶活性,增加土壤养分,并促进春玉米增产。The effects of straw return on soil enzyme activity and spring maize yield under different drip irrigation methods were studied,providing theoretical and scientific basis for soil fertility cultivation and high and stable maize yield in arid areas.The experiment adopted a split-plot design with three factors including straw treatment,drip irrigation method and irrigation quota.Straw treatment was divided into straw return(J)12 t/hm^(2)and straw leaving field(R).Drip irrigation methods were divided into submembrane drip irrigation(M)and shallow buried drip irrigation(Q).There were three levels of irrigation quotas,namely W1(50 mm),W2(150 mm)and W3(250 mm).Through field experiments,the effects of straw return on soil enzyme activity and maize yield under different drip irrigation methods were investigated.The combination of straw return and submembrane drip irrigation could significantly increase soil urease,phosphatase and catalase activities under the condition of irrigation quota of 250 mm.Compared with straw return and submembrane drip irrigation,the mode of urease activity was increased by 9.64%,phosphatase activity by 5.05%,and catalase activity by 3.12%compared with straw return and shallow burial drip irrigation.The combination of straw return to the field and submembrane drip irrigation increased soil organic matter,available nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium by 13.17%,14.84%,9.79%,39.03%,respectively,compared with straw removal combined with submembrane drip irrigation.Under the condition of irrigation quota of 250 mm,the yield of straw return combined with submembrane drip irrigation was increased by 42.53%compared with the mode of straw removal combined with submembrane drip irrigation,and the yield of straw return combined with shallow burial drip irrigation was increased by 5.92%.The combination of straw return and submembrane drip irrigation can significantly improve soil enzyme activity,increase soil nutrients,and promote spring maize yield under suitable irrigation conditions.

关 键 词：春玉米 灌溉方式 秸秆还田 土壤酶活性 产量 

分 类 号：S154.2[农业科学—土壤学]