不同地力黑土中接入禾谷镰孢菌后土壤团聚体组成及微生物的分布特征  

Composition of Soil Aggregates and Distribution Characteristics of Microorganisms after Introduction of Fusarium graminearum in Black Soil with Different Soil Fertility

作　　者：迟利喆 张伟 张冰 高航 王丽 李孝军 崔俊涛[1] CHI Lizhe;ZHANG Wei;ZHANG Bing;GAO Hang;WANG Li;LI Xiaojun;CUIJuntao(College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Changchun Vocational Institute of Technology,Changchun 130033,China;Chaoyang District Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Changchun 130012,China;Changchun Soil and Fertilizer Workstation,Changchun 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118 [2]长春职业技术学院,长春130033 [3]长春市朝阳区农业技术推广总站,长春130012 [4]长春市土壤肥料工作站,长春130033

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2024年第5期828-835,共8页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200601)。

摘　　要：为研究高、中、低地力土壤中团聚体的组成差异,以及外源病菌(禾谷镰孢菌)的加入对土壤真菌、细菌、放线菌、厌氧菌在土壤团聚体不同粒级中的分布差异,设置接入禾谷镰孢菌的高(G)、中(Z)、低(D)3种地力水平的田间试验,通过干筛法将土壤团聚体分成>5,5~2,2~1,1~0.5,0.5~0.25,<0.25 mm的粒级,并对各粒级团聚体中的碳氮含量、微生物分布特征、土壤酶活性的变化进行了初步探究。结果表明:相比于低地力土壤,高、中地力土壤中<0.25 mm的小团聚体比重分别降低2.6%,1.1%,而高、中地力土壤5~2,2~1,1~0.5 mm的团聚体较低地力土壤比重上升,土壤稳定性提高;与低地力相比,高、中地力土壤有机碳的含量分别提高7.69%,10.38%;致病菌禾谷镰孢菌主要分布在>5 mm和5~2 mm的大团聚体中,与低地力相比,在>5 mm和5~2 mm粒级水平上高、中地力土壤大团聚体中的数量分别下降3.01%,0.82%;真菌、细菌、厌氧菌主要分布在碳源含量最多的1~0.5 mm的团聚体中。土壤各粒级团聚体中的真菌、细菌、放线菌、厌氧菌的数量与土壤各团聚体中的碳氮分布呈正相关,禾谷镰孢菌主要分布在土壤原有微生物相对较少的团聚体中。The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the composition of aggregates in high,medium and low soil fertility soils and the distribution of soil fungi,bacteria,actinomycetes and anaerobes in different particle sizes of soil aggregates with the addition of foreign bacteria(Fusarium graminearum).Three soil fertility levels high(G),medium(Z)and low(D)were set up in the corn field of Jilin Agricultural University experimental station.Soil aggregates were divided into>5 mm,5-2 mm,2-1 mm,1-0.5 mm,0.5-0.25 mm and<0.25 mm particles by dry sieving method,and carbon and nitrogen content,microbial distribution characteristics,soil enzyme activity in each particle were studied.Preliminary exploration was conducted on the changes in carbon and nitrogen content,microbial distribution characteristics,and soil enzyme activity in various particle size aggregates.The results showed that:compared with low soil fertility,the proportion of small aggregates<0.25 mm in high and medium soil fertility decreased by 2.6%and 1.1%,respectively,while the proportion of 5-2 mm,2-1 mm and 1-0.5 mm in high and medium soil fertility increased,and soil stability increased;Compared with low soil fertility,the content of organic carbon in high and medium soil fertility increased by 7.69%and 10.38%,respectively;Fusarium graminearum was mainly distributed in large aggregates of>5 mm and 5-2 mm.Compared with low soil fertility,the number of large aggregates in high and medium soil fertility at grain level of>5 mm and 5-2 mm decreased by 3.01%and 0.82%,respectively;Fungi,bacteria and anaerobic bacteria were mainly distributed in aggregates with the highest carbon source content,ranging from 1-0.5 mm.The results showed that the number of fungi,bacteria,actinomycetes and anaerobic bacteria in soil aggregates was positively correlated with the distribution of carbon and nitrogen in soil aggregates,and Fusarium graminearum was mainly distributed in aggregates with relatively few original microorganisms.

关 键 词：黑土 禾谷镰孢菌 团聚体 微生物 土壤酶 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]