用于水稻育苗的苏打碱土快速改良  

Rapid Improvement of Soda Alkaline Soil for Rice Seedling Breeding

作　　者：姜璐 刘希然 聂英斌 徐静[3] 李志洪 JIANG Lu;LIU Xiran;NIE Yingbin;XU Jing;LI Zhihong(College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Jilin Vocational College of Industry and Technology,Jilin 132013,China;Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Zhungeer Banner in Ordos City of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Ordos 010300,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118 [2]吉林工业职业技术学院,吉林132013 [3]内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市准格尔旗农牧局,鄂尔多斯010300

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2024年第5期895-900,共6页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300208)。

摘　　要：针对苏打碱土地区水稻育苗床土来源匮乏的问题,采用苏打碱土作为床土进行直接育苗,在育苗过程中添加不同改良材料、床土调酸和硫酸水(pH 3)淋洗调控苏打碱土理化性质,以满足水稻秧苗的生长需求。结果表明:各处理土壤pH与碱化度均显著下降,且随着酸水淋洗时间的增加而降低。其中A4处理(A处理为苏打碱土经床土调酸+2%石膏+33%秸秆并淋洗4 d酸水)的土壤pH降幅最大,从10.33降至5.73,碱化度最低,为5.52%;B处理(苏打碱土+2%石膏+33%秸秆)的总碱度值最低,为0.09 cmol/kg。A4处理水稻成苗率为100%;秧苗总干质量和根干质量最大,分别为每穴0.8 g和0.49 g,说明A4处理可以降低土壤的碱化程度,并给水稻秧苗萌发生长提供最优条件。研究结果为应用苏打碱土水稻育苗与改良同步化生产提供理论支撑。Aiming at the problem of lacking rice nursery bed soil source in soda alkali land area,this study uses soda alkaline soil as bed soil for direct seedling breeding,and different improvement materials,bed soil acid adjustment and sulfuric acid water were added in the seedling breeding process to regulate the physical and chemical properties of soda alkaline soil to meet the growth needs of rice seedlings.The results showed that pH and alkalinization of each treated soil decreased significantly.With the increase of the number of acid water leaching days,soil pH and alkalinization degree were significantly reduced.Among them,soil pH of A4 treatment(A:soda alkaline soil treated with bed soil acidification+2%gypsum+33%straw rinsed with acid water for 4 days)decreased the most,from 10.33 to 5.73,and the alkalinity was the lowest at 5.52%.The minimum total alkalinity value of B treatment(soda alkaline soil+2%gypsum+33%straw)was 0.09 cmol/kg.The seedling rate of A4 was 100%;the total dry weight and root dry weight of seedlings were the heaviest,which were 0.8 g/hole and 0.49 g/hole,respectively.It indicated that A4 treatment could reduce the degree of soil alkalinity and provide the optimal conditions for the germination and growth of rice seedlings.This study will provide theoretical support for the application of soda alkali soil in rice seedling breeding and synchronous production improvement.

关 键 词：水稻 育苗 苏打碱土 改良 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]