铁中毒催化剂的表征及其对催化裂化装置的影响  

Characterization of iron-poisoning catalyst and its influence on fluid catalytic cracking unit

作　　者：刘淼 于浩 郭靖 LIU Miao;YU Hao;GUO Jing(Petrochemical Department,Liaoyang Petrochemical Company,PetroChina,Liaoyang 113001,China;Research Institute,Liaoyang Petrochemical Company,PetroChina,Liaoyang 113001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油辽阳石化公司油化部,辽宁辽阳113001 [2]中国石油辽阳石化公司研究院,辽宁辽阳113001

出　　处：《石化技术与应用》2024年第6期436-440,共5页Petrochemical Technology & Application

摘　　要：针对某石化公司2.2 Mt/a催化裂化(FCC)装置催化剂(型号为CGP-LY)铁中毒现象,采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、激光粒度仪等表征手段,结合催化剂微反活性、装置产品分布等评价方法,分析了催化剂铁中毒对该FCC装置的影响和危害。结果表明:当催化剂遭受铁污染中毒时,其表面形成瘤状凸起,表面孔道被瘤状物堵塞,催化剂球形度变差;当催化剂含铁质量分数为0.65%时,其表面凹槽处、瘤状凸起处含铁质量分数分别高达6.07%,2.55%;随着催化剂含铁质量分数由正常运行工况下的0.34%增至铁中毒工况下的0.65%,催化剂的堆密度由0.90 g/cm^(3)降至0.82 g/cm^(3),表观密度由0.87 g/m L降至0.77 g/m L,孔体积由0.17 cm^(3)/g降至0.14 cm^(3)/g,比表面积由128 m^(2)/g降至102 m^(2)/g,微反活性(800℃×17 h)由76%降至62%,而催化剂中位粒径(D_(50))从66.61μm增至90.93μm;当催化剂含铁质量分数从0.34%增至≥0.60%(即铁中毒发生)时,原料油转化率由77%降至73%,液化气、汽油收率均降低约2个百分点,而干气中的氢/甲烷质量比由0.8增至1.0,柴油、油浆收率均提高约2个百分点。Aiming at the iron-poisoning phenomenon of CGP-LY type catalyst in 2.2 Mt/a fluid catalytic cracking(FCC)unit at a petrochemical company,the influences and hazards of iron-poisoning on this FCC unit were analyzed by the scanning electron microscopy,energy spectrometer,laser particle size analyzer and other evaluation methods,and combining with evaluation methods such as catalyst micro-reactivity and unit products distribution.The results showed that when the catalyst suffered from iron-poisoning,the nodular bulges formed on the surface of the iron-poisoning catalyst,the surface pores were blocked by nodules,and the sphericity of catalyst got worse.When Fe mass fraction of the catalyst was 0.65%,the Fe mass fraction of the grooves and nodules on the surface reached 6.07%,2.55%,respectively.As Fe mass fraction in the catalyst increased from 0.34%of normal operating condition to 0.65%of iron-poisoning condition,the corresponding bulk density of catalysts decreased from 0.90 g/cm^(3)to 0.82 g/cm^(3),the apparent density decreased from 0.87 g/mL to 0.77 g/mL,and the pore volume decreased from 0.17 cm^(3)/g to 0.14 cm^(3)/g,the specific surface area decreased from 128 m^(2)/g to 102 m^(2)/g,and the micro-reactivity(800℃×17 h)decreased from 76%to 62%,however,the median diameter(D_(50))of particle size distribution increased from 66.61μm to 90.93μm.When Fe mass fraction of catalyst increased from 0.34%to≥0.60%(i.e.iron-poisoning occurred),then the feedstock oil conversion decreased from 77%to 73%,the yield of liquefied gas and gasoline both decreased by about 2 percentage points,and yet the mass ratio of hydrogen to methane of dry gas increased from 0.8 to 1.0,the yield of diesel and oil slurry both increased by about 2 percentage points.

关 键 词：催化裂化 催化剂 铁中毒 粒径分布 产品收率 

分 类 号：TE624.91[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]