饲粮添加甘草提取物对长期摄入低剂量ZEN和DON导致的肉鸡肝脏损伤的保护作用  

Protective Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Licorice(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)Extract on Liver Damage of Broilers(Gallus gallus domesticus)Caused by Long-term Intake of Low-dose ZEN and DON

作　　者：苗健 李佳伟 李喜梅 陈妍[1] 蒋苏苏 扎西英派[1] 张国华[1] 卢建雄[1] MIAO Jian;LI Jia-Wei;LI Xi-Mei;CHEN Yan;JIANG Su-Su;ZHAXI Ying-Pai;ZHANG Guo-Hua;LU Jian-Xiong(School of Life Sciences and Engineering,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou 730124,China;Gansu Agriculture Vocational and Technical College,Lanzhou 730030,China)

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学生命科学与工程学院,兰州730124 [2]甘肃农业职业技术学院,兰州730030

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2024年第12期2796-2807,共12页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目(31920240088);西北民族大学动物营养与饲料科学创新团队。

摘　　要：玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalnone,ZEN)和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivaleno,DON)是谷物饲料污染中最常见的共生霉菌毒素。本研究旨在探讨长期摄入低剂量ZEN和DON污染饲粮对肉鸡(Gallus gallus domesticus)健康的损害及甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)提取物对肉鸡肝脏损伤的保护作用。选用1日龄雄性良凤花鸡315只,随机分为3组,分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、添加5%霉变玉米(Zea mays)饲粮(污染组)和污染组饲粮添加0.1%甘草提取物饲料(甘草组)。实验期为84 d。屠宰实验和肝脏石蜡切片HE染色结果显示,污染组28和56日龄肉鸡肝脏指数显著提高(P<0.05),肝细胞出现水肿、气球样变性及部分凋亡;实时荧光定量PCR检测结果表明,污染组肉鸡肝脏髓样分化因子88(myeloid differentiation factor 88,MYD88)、白细胞介素12α(interleukin 12α,IL-12α)、核因子-κB1(nuclear factorκB1,NF-κB1)和FOS原癌基因(FOS protooncogene,c-FOS)等炎症相关基因及肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和NADPH氧化酶2(NADPH oxidase 2,NOX2)等细胞凋亡相关基因的表达显著提高(P<0.05),血红素氧合酶1(heme oxygenase 1,HO-1)的表达显著降低(P<0.05);饲粮添加甘草提取物后,肝脏指数显著回落(P<0.05);肝组织形态正常,炎症和凋亡相关基因表达显著回落(P<0.05)、HO-1表达回升(P<0.05)。ELISA试剂盒检测结果显示,污染组血清促炎细胞因子IL-2、干扰素γ(interferon,IFN-γ)和TNF-α含量显著增高,免疫因子IgA和IgG含量显著降低(P<0.05);添加甘草提取物后,促炎细胞因子水平显著回落(P<0.05),同时免疫因子水平显著回升(P<0.05)。利用生化检测试剂盒对肉鸡血清和肝脏中抗氧化酶进行检测,结果显示,污染组超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)活性显著降低(P<0.05)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量显著提高(P<0.05),同时,肝脏GSH-Px和SOD1基因表达显著降低(P<0.05)Feed mold is prevalent,with zearalenone(ZEN)and deoxynivalenol(DON)being the most common mycotoxins found in cereal feed contamination.This study aimed to investigate potential health risks to broilers from the long-term consumption of low doses of ZEN and DON-contaminated diet,as well as the protective effect of licorice(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)extract.A total of 315 one-day-old male Liangfeng broilers were randomly assigned to 3 groups with 7 replicates per group and 15 broilers per replicate.They were fed a basal diet(CON group),a diet contaminated with mycotoxins ZEN and DON(MYC group;with 5%natural moldy corn(Zea mays)replacing an equal amount of normal corn in the basal diet),and the contaminated diet supplemented with 0.1%Licorice extract(LIC group),respectively.The experiment lasted for 84 d.The results of slaughter experiments and HE staining of liver paraffin sections showed that the liver index of broilers at 28 and 56 d of age in the MYC group was significantly increased(P<0.05),with hepatocytes exhibiting edema,ballooning deformity and some apoptosis.The real-time fluorescence PCR detection revealed that the expression of inflammatory-related genes in liver of MYC group broiler,such as myeloid differentiation factor 88(MYD88),interleukin 12α(IL-12α),nuclear factor kappa-B1(NF-kB1),and FOS protooncogene(c-FOS),as well as apoptosis-related genes such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),NADPH oxidase 2(NOX2),were significantly increased(P<0.05),In contrast,the expression of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)was significantly reduced(P<0.05).After adding licorice extract to the diet,the liver index decreased(P<0.05),the liver tissue morphology was normal,the expression of inflammation and apoptosis related genes significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the expression of HO-1 increased(P<0.05).The content of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2,interferon(IFN-γ),and TNF-αin the MYC group significantly increased,while the content of immune factors IgA and IgG significantly decreased(P<0.05).After adding licorice extract

关 键 词：肉鸡 霉变玉米 甘草提取物 肝损伤 免疫 抗氧化剂 

分 类 号：S815.8[农业科学—畜牧学]