丰台火车站现存北京城砖样本科学检测研究  

Research on Scientific Detection of Existing Beijing City Brick Samples in Fengtai Railway Station

作　　者：董紫艳 贺蕾 李辉坚 张龙[1] Dong Ziyan;He Lei;Li Huijian;Zhang Long

机构地区：[1]天津大学 [2]北京市文物局 [3]北京市园林古建工程有限公司

出　　处：《古建园林技术》2024年第6期103-107,共5页Traditional Chinese Architecture and Gardens

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“明清官式建筑营造技艺科学认知与本体保护关键技术研究与示范”(2020YFC1522401)。

摘　　要：采用传统与现代科学检测相结合的方式,对丰台火车站拆用北京城墙城砖的二十六块样本的铭文、尺寸、成分、物相及其力学特性分析与检测,并与已知南京城砖、临清城砖相关特征进行对比,结果表明明代北京城墙营建过程中存在从江南调用城砖的情况;指出北京城砖因产地不同、时代不同,其尺寸并不统一,长度从390~500毫米不等;佐证了明中期后后临清成为北方烧造中心,是北京城墙营修的主要材料供应地;临清所生产的城砖硬度高、强度大、质量好,符合北京城砖优中选优的特点。The inscriptions,size,composition,phase and mechanical properties of the city wall bricks of Beijing demolished at Fengtai Railway Station are analyzed and tested by combining traditional and modern scientific detection,and compared with the Nanjing City bricks and Linqing City bricks,showing that there was a case of transferring city bricks from the south of the Yangtze River during the construction of the Beijing city wall in the Ming Dynasty;It is pointed out that the size of Beijing City bricks is not uniform due to different origins and times,and the length varies from 390-500 mm;This proves that Linqing became the northern firing center after the middle of the Ming Dynasty,and was the main material supply place for the maintenance of Beijing city walls.The city bricks produced by Linqing have high hardness,high strength and good quality,which are in line with the fact selecting the best among the best city bricks in Beijing.

关 键 词：北京城 城砖 临清砖 科学检测 

分 类 号：TU522.1[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]