青藏高原放牧地社会⁃经济⁃自然复合生态系统变迁  

Changes in socio⁃economic⁃natural ecosystem of rangeland on the Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau

作　　者：刘源[1] 葛碧妍 李昂[2] 余露 LIU Yuan;GE Biyan;LI Ang;YU Lu(School of Public Affairs,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学公共管理学院,杭州310058 [2]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境国家重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第22期10001-10019,共19页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72104213);第二次青藏高原综合考察研究项目(2019QZKK0606);中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项项目(XDA26010300);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金和资助。

摘　　要：由于全球气候变化和人为活动的影响,我国放牧地社会⁃经济⁃自然复合生态系统发生了复杂、深刻且剧烈的变化。青藏高原放牧地复合生态系统面积约占全国此类生态系统总面积的三分之一。它对气候变化极度敏感,同时又是少数民族牧民的主要聚居区。因此,该生态系统具有生态、经济、政治、文化等多功能性,对维护边疆稳定和民族团结有重要意义。对建国以来该复合生态系统的水热条件、植被质量、土壤状况、大气氧含量等自然组分的变化进行了系统性综述与分析,并进一步探讨其自然及社会⁃经济成因。结果发现,草地制度变迁和生态恢复工程的实施在一定程度上扭转了生态恶化趋势,但草地退化并未得到全面解决,且全球气候变化可能进一步增加高原生态环境变化的不确定性。此外,未来还应就如何应对草原鼠害;如何权衡野生动物保护与家畜放牧的矛盾;如何平衡传统文化传承与牧业现代化需求间的潜在冲突;如何应对缺氧环境对高原人畜影响等生态系统管理议题进行深入研究,以推动人⁃草⁃畜和谐共生,实现牧区可持续高质量发展。The socio⁃economic⁃natural ecosystem of rangeland in China has undergone substantial transformations,primarily due to the global climate change and increased human activity involvement.This article focuses on the Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau,which constitutes approximately one⁃third of China′s pastureland resources and serves a variety of functions in terms of ecology,economy,politics and culture.The objective is to systematically discuss changes in water and heat conditions,vegetation quality,soil physicochemical properties,atmospheric oxygen content,and further explore its unique natural and socioeconomic factors.The findings reveal a climate shift on the Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau,characterized by warming and drying in the southeast and warming and wetting in the northwest.Specific manifestations of pastureland degradation include reverse succession of vegetation communities,reduced forage yields,soil coarsening,increased soil erosion,and reduced oxygen content.Although the implementation of pastureland ecological restoration programs and property rights reform have mitigated degradation in general,the Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau as a whole remains at risk of ecological degradation,and global climate change might further cause the plateau′s natural ecology to suffer from increased uncertainty.Future research should address pressing ecosystem management issues such as the connection between an increase in rodents and the degradation of pastureland,the harmony between wildlife protection and grazing,the tension between traditional culture and modern animal husbandry,the scientific robustness of ecological restoration models,and the impact of changes in atmospheric oxygen content on plateau animal husbandry industry under climate change.

关 键 词：青藏高原 牧区 社会⁃经济⁃自然复合生态系统 气候变化 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]