草场破碎化对畜牧业效率的影响——基于鄂尔多斯市两个旗的调研  

Impact of grassland fragmentation on livestock efficiency:Based on the research of two counties,Erdos,the Inner Mongolia

作　　者：赵洋[1] 杨理[1,2] 韩枫 ZHAO Yang;YANG Li;HAN Feng(School of Economics and Management,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China;Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau,Hohhot 010021,China;Development Research Center of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100714,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学经济管理学院,呼和浩特010021 [2]蒙古高原生态学与资源利用教育部重点实验室,呼和浩特010021 [3]国家林业和草原局发展研究中心,北京100714

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第22期10083-10095,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(72104063);内蒙古社科联重点项目:内蒙古草原牧区“三权分置”改革研究(2017NDA029)。

摘　　要：自20世纪80年代开始,草场破碎化在北方牧区日益严重,成为承包经营制度改革后草原的重要特征。研究草场破碎化对牧民的实际影响,尤其是草场破碎化对牧户畜牧业生产经营的影响,可以为牧区后续土地政策的完善提供理论支持,并为牧区实现可持续发展提供更多依据。研究以半干旱牧区鄂托克旗与乌审旗为例,利用153个牧户的微观调查数据实证分析了草场破碎化对畜牧业效率的影响与作用机制。利用DEA⁃BCC模型和熵权TOPSIS法测算样本区域153户调研牧户的畜牧业效率和草场破碎化程度;将畜牧业效率分解为技术效率与规模效率,并采用Tobit模型检验草场破碎化程度与畜牧业效率的关系;将饲草料支出作为中介变量,通过中介效应模型评估草场破碎化对畜牧业效率的影响机制,并对该机制的异质性以及对结论的稳健性进行检验。研究结果表明:(1)畜牧业效率受到草场破碎化程度的影响存在差异,随着草场破碎化程度的提高牧户的技术效率显著降低,而对于规模效率影响并不明显。(2)草场破碎化程度的提高会刺激牧户饲草料支出增加,进而降低畜牧业效率,该传导机制同样只对技术效率具有显著的负向影响。(3)利用NDVI数据进行异质性分析发现,草场破碎化对畜牧业效率的影响机制呈现出明显的异质性:植被覆盖率不同影响也不同,草场破碎化对于高植被覆盖率地区的畜牧业效率的负面影响更明显。所以,建议应重视草原生态保护,通过倡导牧民间集体行动、开展联户经营和推动牧民自治合作实现草场重新整合,从而缓解草场破碎化的影响。Since the 1980s,grassland fragmentation has become increasingly serious in pastoral areas of north China,and has become a crucial feature of grasslands after the grassland contract management system reform.Therefore,this study focusses on the practical effect of grassland fragmentation on herders in pastoral areas,particularly the impact of grassland fragmentation on the livestock production and management of herding households,which not only could provide theoretical support for the better improvement of subsequent land policies,but also provide more basis so as to achieve sustainable development in pastoral areas.In view of this,this paper takes the semi⁃arid pastoral areas of Otog Banner and Wushen Banner as an example,and empirically measures the impact of livestock efficiency and its mechanism by using the micro⁃survey data from 153 herding households.Firstly,the Data Envelopment Analysis⁃BCC(DEA⁃BCC)model and entropy weight⁃TOPSIS method were used to measure the livestock efficiency and grassland fragmentation degree of herding households.Secondly,the livestock efficiency was decomposed into technical efficiency and scale efficiency,and then the Tobit model was used to estimate the relationship between grassland fragmentation degree and efficiency of livestock.Finally,the forage expenses was used as a mediator variable to evaluate a mechanism about the impact of grassland fragmentation on livestock efficiency,then we analyzed the heterogeneity of mechanism and tested the robustness of the conclusions.The results showed that:(1)The grassland fragmentation degree had different impacts on the livestock efficiency,indicating that the technical efficiency fail to significantly improve when the degree of grassland fragmentation increase,but the impact on the scale efficiency is not significant.(2)The increase in grassland fragmentation degree could stimulate the soar of forage expenses of herding households,and then reduce the efficiency of livestock.Similarly,this conduction mechanism only has a signif

关 键 词：草场破碎化 畜牧业效率 饲草料支出 DEA⁃BCC模型 熵权TOPSIS 

分 类 号：F326.3[经济管理—产业经济]