水分管理耦合氮肥种类对多茬刈割空心菜生长及砷积累的影响  

Effect of water management coupled with nitrogen fertilizer types on growth and arsenic accumulation in multi⁃crop mowed water spinach

作　　者：何菊霞 唐以胜 寇占胜 温皓玥 李烁宇 蒙德乐 黎华寿[1] HE Juxia;TANG Yisheng;KOU Zhansheng;WEN Haoyue;LI Shuoyu;MENG Dele;LI Huashou(College of Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广州510642

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第22期10322-10335,共14页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YEC1807805);国家自然科学基金(42277223)。

摘　　要：地质高背景值与工矿业的砷污染是我国和东南亚地区土壤重金属污染的突出环境问题,相对易吸收积累砷的空心菜是这些地区常年主要的叶菜和砷暴露的风险源。水分和肥料会影响土壤—作物系统中砷的转化迁移和累积,但有关水肥管控对轻中度砷污染菜地中多茬刈割的空心菜生长和砷积累的影响尚不明确。因此,试验选用实际生产中广泛种植的高产品种大叶空心菜,于淹水(WF)和干湿交替(AWD)的水分管理下分别施加尿素(Urea)、过氧化尿素(UHP)和有机肥(OF),在为期178d的盆栽试验期间,分别对各处理空心菜的地上部食用嫩茎叶连续刈割三茬,探究空心菜对砷的累积及土壤中砷迁移转化的影响。结果表明,不同水分与肥料组合及刈割次数都会显著影响空心菜产量和砷积累量。增加刈割次数使WF条件下第三茬空心菜地上部生物量比第一茬增加了11.23%—51.61%,总砷含量显著减少了57.24%—94.43%,空心菜转运砷的能力降低了2.4—18.05倍;在第三茬时,AWD⁃Urea和AWD⁃UHP处理地上部累积的砷低于国家食品安全限量标准,实现安全生产。总之,在中度砷污染菜地种植空心菜时,推荐前三茬以修复为主线,在WF⁃OF模式下种植;刈割三茬后,在AWD⁃UHP或AWD⁃Urea条件下安全生产。研究明确了水肥管理和刈割次数对空心菜积累砷的影响,为轻中度砷污染蔬菜地修复提供理论参考。Geological high background values and arsenic contamination from industrial and mining industries are the prominent environmental problems of soil heavy metal contamination in China and Southeast Asia.Airborne vegetable with the relatively easy uptake and accumulation of arsenic is the main year⁃round leafy vegetable and risk source of arsenic exposure in these regions.Moisture and fertiliser affect the translational transport and accumulation of arsenic in the soil⁃crop system,but information on the effects of water and fertiliser control on the growth and arsenic accumulation of multi⁃cropped mowed water spinach in mild⁃to⁃moderate arsenic⁃contaminated vegetable plots is not yet clear.Therefore,in this experiment,a high⁃yielding variety of large⁃leafed water spinach,which is widely grown in actual production,was selected,and urea(Urea),urea peroxide(UHP),and organic fertiliser(OF)were applied under water management of flooding(WF)and alternating wet and dry(AWD),respectively.Three consecutive above⁃ground edible young stems and leaves of each treatment of the water spinach were mowed for three consecutive crops during the 178 days potting experiment,to explore the effects of the water spinach on the Arsenic accumulation and the effect of arsenic transport and transformation in soil.The results showed that different combinations of water and fertiliser and the number of mowing significantly affected the yield and arsenic accumulation in water spinach.Increasing the number of mowing increased the above⁃ground biomass of third⁃crop water spinach under WF conditions by 11.23%—51.61%compared with the first crop,the total arsenic content was significantly reduced by 57.24%—94.43%,and the ability of water spinach to transport arsenic was reduced by 2.4—18.05⁃fold;the arsenic accumulated in the above⁃ground of AWD⁃Urea and AWD⁃UHP treatments at the time of the third crop was lower than the national food safety limit standard,achieving safe production.In conclusion,when planting water

关 键 词：砷 肥料类型 水分管理 刈割次数 空心菜 

分 类 号：S636.9[农业科学—蔬菜学] X53[农业科学—园艺学] X173[环境科学与工程—环境工程]