动车组避雷器过电压波形及发热特性仿真  

Study on overvoltage waveform statistics and heating simulation of EMU arrester

作　　者：王文军 刘健 孙平 马昭钰 杨默涵 王胜辉[2] 欧琦 WANG Wenjun;LIU Jian;SUN Ping;MA Zhaoyu;YANG Mohan;WANG Shenghui;OU Qi(CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co.,Ltd.,Changchun 130011,China;State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司,吉林长春130011 [2]华北电力大学新能源电力系统国家重点实验室,北京102206

出　　处：《中国测试》2024年第11期56-64,81,共10页China Measurement & Test

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFF01011903)。

摘　　要：近年来CRH5型动车组车顶避雷器因过电压导致多起炸裂事故。为研究动车组车顶过电压特征和统计规律,搭建车顶过电压在线监测系统,采集并统计分析过分相过电压、高次谐波过电压、升降弓过电压和持续陡波冲击过电压4种典型过电压的波形和统计特征。统计分析表明:在采集到的1274组过电压波形中,过分相过电压出现1135次,最大幅值94.5 kV;高次谐波过电压出现71次,最大幅值52.8 kV;升降弓过电压出现25次,最大幅值67.1 kV;持续陡波冲击过电压出现43次,最大幅值为88.9 kV。建立车顶避雷器电热耦合模型,分析典型过电压作用下避雷器内部温度分布特性,仿真结果表明:基于实测波形数据,避雷器在过分相过电压作用下温度达到30.57℃,在高次谐波过电压和降弓过电压温升较小,持续陡波冲击过电压作用下温度呈梯度上升,最终达到35.7℃,在模拟230 kV陡波冲击过电压作用下,最高温度达到835℃,其温升超过阀片的热容量,可形成炸裂事故。In recent years,the roof arrester of CRH5 EMU has caused many explosion accidents due to overvoltage.In order to study the characteristics and statistical rules of roof overvoltage of EMU,an online monitoring system for roof overvoltage was established,and the waveform and statistical characteristics of four typical overvoltages including passing section overvoltage,high-harmonic overvoltage,lifting bow overvoltage and continuous steep impulse overvoltage were collected and analyzed statistically.Statistical analysis shows that in 1274 sets of overvoltage waveform acquired,passing section overvoltage occurs 1135 times,with the maximum value of 94.5 kV.High-harmonic overvoltage appeared 71 times,with the maximum value of 52.8 kV.The lifting bow overvoltage appeared 25 times,with the maximum value of 67.1 kV.Continuous steep impulse overvoltage appeared 43 times,and the maximum value was 88.9 kV.The electrothermal coupling model of the roof arrester was established,and the internal temperature distribution characteristics of the arrester under the action of typical overvoltage were analyzed.The simulation results show that:Based on the measured waveform data,the temperature of the arrester reaches 30.57℃under the action of passing section overvoltage,and the temperature rises slightly under the action of high-harmonic overvoltage and downbow overvoltage.The temperature rises gradient under the action of continuous steep impulse overvoltage,and finally reaches 35.7℃.Under the action of simulated 230 kV steep impulse overvoltage,the maximum temperature reaches 835℃.The temperature rise exceeds the heat capacity of the valve plate,which may lead to a burst accident.

关 键 词：动车组 避雷器 过电压 在线监测 仿真分析 温度分布 

分 类 号：TB9[一般工业技术—计量学] U266[机械工程—测试计量技术及仪器]