基于电磁响应的钢轨表面脱碳层无损检测研究  

Non-destructive detection of decarburisation layer on rail surface based on electromagnetic response

作　　者：董春鑫 申嘉龙 刘萌 侯艳萍 刘光穆 孟征兵 李义兵 DONG Chunxin;SHEN Jialong;LIU Meng;HOU Yanping;LIU Guangmu;MENG Zhengbing;LI Yibing(Key Lab of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials Ministry of Education,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Hidden Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Development of New Materials in Guangxi,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,China;Guangxi Shenglong Metallurgical Co.,Ltd.,Fangchenggang 538029,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学有色金属及材料加工新技术教育部重点实验室,广西桂林541004 [2]桂林理工大学广西有色金属隐伏矿床勘查及材料开发协同创新中心,广西桂林541004 [3]广西盛隆冶金有限公司,广西防城港538029

出　　处：《中国测试》2024年第11期167-172,共6页China Measurement & Test

基　　金：广西重点研发计划(桂科AB21076003);广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD20159020)。

摘　　要：高速铁路用钢轨在热轧成型过程中发生表面材料组织氧化,形成脱碳层。脱碳会降低钢轨基体强度、硬度和耐磨性,导致表面裂纹的萌生和扩展,极易引发钢轨服役期断裂。为寻找一种钢轨脱碳层的无损检测方法,该文通过COMSOL有限元模拟与实验研究,通过热处理U71Mn钢轨试样后不同的保温时长得到不同的脱碳层厚度,并采用多频电磁无损检测技术表征,研究钢轨铁素体和珠光体对电磁信号的响应机制。结果表明:电磁传感器信号可以分辨钢轨脱碳层厚度,得到电磁传感器信号的特征值——过零频率与脱碳层厚度之间的关系,为钢轨表面脱碳层实时在线监测研究提供理论支撑。High-speed railway rails in the hot rolling forming process occurs in the surface material tissue oxidation,the formation of decarburisation layer.Decarburisation can reduce the strength,hardness and wear resistance of the rail matrix and lead to the development and expansion of surface cracks,which can easily lead to rail fracture during service.In order to find a non-destructive detection method for the decarburised layer of steel rails,the paper uses COMSOL finite element simulation and experimental research to obtain different thicknesses of the decarburised layer through different holding times after heat treatment of U71Mn rail specimens and uses multi-frequency electromagnetic non-destructive testing techniques to characterise the response mechanism of ferrite and pearlite to electromagnetic signals,the results show that the electromagnetic sensor signals can distinguish the decarburised layer of steel rails.The results show that the electromagnetic sensor signal can distinguish the thickness of the decarburised layer of the rail,and the relationship between the characteristic value of the electromagnetic sensor signal-the over-zero frequency and the thickness of the decarburised layer is obtained,which provides theoretical support for the study of real-time online monitoring of the decarburised layer of the rail surface.

关 键 词：无损检测 电磁响应 钢轨脱碳层 有限元模拟 

分 类 号：TB9[一般工业技术—计量学] TG878[机械工程—测试计量技术及仪器]