化肥和新型肥料对有益真菌和镰刀菌生长及拮抗效应的影响  

Effects of Chemical Fertilizers and New Fertilizers on Antagonism between Beneficial Fungi and Fusarium

作　　者：牛银星 司亚坤 韩燕来[1] 谭金芳 李培培[1] 王祎[1] 李芳 NIU Yin-xing;SI Ya-kun;HAN Yan-lai;TAN Jin-fang;LI Pei-pei;WANG Yi;LI Fang(College of Resources and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;School of Agriculture,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,河南郑州450046 [2]中山大学农学院,广东广州510000

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2024年第11期70-76,共7页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：河南省优秀青年科学基金项目(242300421147);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42377334)。

摘　　要：采用平板对峙法,以无化肥处理作为对照,通过交互分析,探讨化肥(尿素、硫酸铵、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸二氢钾、氯化钾、硫酸钾)及新型肥料(酵素、黄腐酸、γ-聚谷氨酸)对有益真菌与镰刀菌生长及拮抗作用的影响。结果表明:在单一接种条件下,氯化钾显著促进了有益真菌和病原菌的生长,磷酸氢二铵对有益真菌Chaetomium truncatulum F8的生长有显著抑制作用,尿素和硫酸铵也会抑制有益真菌Gongronella butleri F4的生长,镰刀菌则受γ-聚谷氨酸和硫酸钾的抑制。交互分析显示,肥料添加和有益真菌接种均对镰刀菌的生长具有显著影响,且2种因素间存在明显的交互作用。在有益真菌和镰刀菌拮抗条件下,磷酸二氢钾对Fusarium sp. Y56、Fusarium fujikuroi Y1和Fusarium oxysporum F2均具有较为显著的抑制作用,γ-聚谷氨酸对Fusarium oxysporum F33和Fusarium fujikuroi Y1均有较为显著的抑制作用。在镰刀菌病害频发的农作区,推荐选用磷酸二氢钾和硫酸钾,尿素和硫酸铵应与γ-聚谷氨酸配合施用。In this study,the effect of chemical fertilizers(urea,ammonium sulfate,diammonium phosphate,potassium dihydrogen phosphate,potassium chloride and potassium sulfate)and new fertilizers(ferment fertilizer,fulvic acid and polyγ-glutamic acid)on the growth and antagonistic effects of beneficial fungi and Fusarium was explored by plate confrontation method and interaction analysis,with no fertilizer addition as control.The results showed that under the single inoculation condition,potassium chloride significantly promoted the growth of beneficial and pathogenic bacteria,while diammonium phosphate significantly inhibited the growth of beneficial fungus Chaetomium truncatulum F8.Urea and ammonium sulfate inhibited the growth of beneficial fungus Gongronella butleri F4.The growth of Fusarium was inhibited by polyγ-glutamic acid and potassium sulfate.The interaction analysis showed that both fertilization and beneficial fungi inoculation significantly influenced the growth of Fusarium,and the two factors showed obvious interaction effects.Under antagonistic conditions,potassium dihydrogen phosphate significantly inhibited the growth of Fusarium sp.Y56,Fusarium fujikuroi Y1 and Fusari-um oxysporum F2,and polyγ-glutamic acid significantly suppressed Fusarium oxysporum F33 and Fusarium fujikuroi Y1.In agricultural areas where Fusarium disease occurs frequently,potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate are suitable fertilizers.It is recommended to combine the application of polyγ-glutamic acid with urea and ammonium sulfate.

关 键 词：镰刀菌 有益真菌 对峙培养 化肥 新型肥料 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]