基于STK的卫星信号仿真在复杂环境GNSS滑坡监测中的应用  

The Application of STK-Based Satellite Signal Simulation in GNSS Monitoring for Complex Environments

作　　者：董颖略 DONG Yinglue(China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710043,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司,西安710043

出　　处：《铁道勘察》2024年第6期17-23,30,共8页Railway Investigation and Surveying

摘　　要：为更加有效地控制GNSS监测关键环节,提高GNSS自动化监测效率和监测精度,实现滑坡灾害的有效监测,提出一种基于卫星仿真工具包(STK)的GNSS监测站分析技术,对研究区内GNSS卫星定位性能进行分析。基于STK卫星轨道预报数据建立北斗卫星导航星座,用来模拟GNSS监测过程中的卫星运动轨迹和定位信号传输过程,使用无人机获取高精度数字高程模型用以模拟真实的地形变化,并建立一套GNSS监测设备部署方法。选取某滑坡区进行工程验证,通过该技术分析全天GNSS卫星覆盖时段和时长信息,其中MEO卫星的平均监测时长5.92 h、IGSO卫星的平均监测时长16.87h,可以满足实验区全时段有效监测;重点计算实验区各点EDOP、NDOP、VDOP及PDOP值并绘制导航精度分布,研究区内PDOP值在0.8915~0.8955之间,定位精度理想,通过精度分布可以确定103°19′E,36°6′N处定位精度最优。工程验证表明,提出的GNSS监测站分析技术可以有效获得研究区不同区域的GNSS导航卫星定位精度,为复杂环境下监测站的精细化部署提供科学参考。In order to control the key links of GNSS monitoring more effectively,improve the efficiency and accuracy of GNSS automated monitoring,and realize the effective monitoring of landslide disasters,this paper proposed a GNSS monitoring station analysis technology based on the Satellite Simulation Toolkit(STK)to analyze the GNSS satellite positioning performance in the study area.The method used STK satellite orbit prediction data to establish the Beidou satellite navigation constellation to simulate the satellite motion trajectory and positioning signal transmission process during GNSS monitoring,used drones to obtain high-precision digital elevation models to simulate real ground terrain changes,and established a rigorous scientific analysis method for the deployment of GNSS monitoring equipment.At the same time,a landslide area was selected for engineering verification.The technology was used to analyze the coverage period and duration of GNSS satellites throughout the day.The average monitoring time of MEO satellites was 5.92 h and the average monitoring time of IGSO satellites was 16.87h,which met the full-time effective monitoring of the experimental area.The EDOP,NDOP,VDOP and PDOP values of each point in the experimental area were calculated and the navigation accuracy distribution map was drawn.The positioning accuracy was ideal when the PDOP value in the study area was between 0.8915 and 0.8955.The accuracy distribution map could determine that the positioning accuracy at 103°19′E,36°6′N was the best.The engineering verification shows that the GNSS monitoring station analysis technology proposed in this paper can effectively obtain the GNSS navigation satellite positioning accuracy in different areas of the study area,providing a scientific reference for the refined deployment of monitoring stations in complex environments.

关 键 词：铁路 滑坡 STK GNSS监测仿真 导航精度因子 监测站选址 

分 类 号：U239.9[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] P258[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]