基于SWAT模型的南方水稻灌区全生育期面源污染特征及控制模拟  

Simulation of non-point source pollution characteristics and control effect in southern paddy irrigation district based on SWAT model during paddy growth period

作　　者：陈丽娜[1] 张文硕 徐俊增[1] 孙一淼 CHEN Li’na;ZHANG Wenshuo;XU Junzeng;SUN Yimiao(College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《水资源保护》2024年第6期198-205,共8页Water Resources Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(522031911);江苏省环境工程技术有限公司自主立项科研项目(JSEP-GJ20220013-RE-ZL);江苏省生态环境科研项目(2023013);安徽省住房城乡建设科学技术计划项目(2023-SF045)。

摘　　要：为了解水稻生育期内灌区面源污染的输出特征及其对下游控制断面水质的影响,选取某典型南方水稻灌区为研究对象,基于SWAT模型构建田沟塘控制断面的面源污染全过程数值模拟模型,量化分析水稻全生育期9种污染控制方案下控制断面水质动态响应。结果表明:退水和氮、磷污染物均呈脉冲式排放,水稻生育期前半段,即移植返青期、分蘖期和拔节孕穗期是稻田面源污染发生的高峰期;控制灌溉、生态工程和控制排水措施在水稻生育期前半段对氮、磷污染物的削减效果较好,实施综合措施后削减效果显著提升,对TN和TP全生育期的削减率超过90%;单项措施的水质提升效果有限,施肥管理导致分蘖期出现更多脉冲式TN质量浓度峰值,综合措施可显著提升水质达标率,其中施肥管理、控制排水、生态工程的组合措施和控制灌溉、施肥管理、控制排水、生态工程的组合措施可以实现TN和TP质量浓度稳定达标。To understand the output characteristics of non-point source pollution in the irrigation area during the paddy growth period and its impact on the water quality of downstream control sections,a typical paddy irrigation district in southern China was selected as the research object,and a numerical model for simulation of non-point source pollution processes in the field,gully,pond,and control section was constructed based on the SWAT model.The model was used to quantitatively analyze the dynamic response of water quality at the control section under 9 pollution control schemes throughout the entire paddy growth period.The results showed that retreated water and nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants were discharged in a pulsed manner,and the peak of non-point source pollution in paddy field occurred in the first half of paddy growth period,including the transplant regreening stage,tillering stage,and jointing booting stage.Measures of controlled irrigation,ecological engineering,and controlled drainage had good effects on reducing nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the first half of paddy growth period,and the reduction effect was significantly improved after the implementation of comprehensive measures,with the reduction rates of TN and TP exceeding 90%during the whole paddy growth period.The effects of single measures on water quality improvement were limited,and fertilization management led to more pulsatile TN mass concentration peaks at the tillering stage.Comprehensive measures could significantly improve the water quality compliance rate,especially,the combined measure of fertilization management,controlled drainage,and ecological engineering and the combined measure of controlled irrigation,fertilization management,controlled drainage,and ecological engineering could ensure the TN and TP mass concentrations to reach the water quality standard.

关 键 词：水稻灌区 面源污染 水稻全生育期 控制断面 SWAT模型 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]