杠铃运动的生物力学分析与优化  

Biomechanical analysis and optimization of barbell exercises

作　　者：赵彬皓 石智勇 徐异宁 黄斌[1] 周吕文 顾耀东[2] 张明华[1] 杜建科[1] ZHAO BinHao;SHI ZhiYong;XU YiNing;HUANG Bin;ZHOU LuWen;GU YaoDong;ZHANG MingHua;DU JianKe(Zhejiang-Italy Joint Lab for Smart Materials and Advanced Structures,Faculty of Mechanical Engineering&Mechanics,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China;Faculty of Sports Science,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学机械工程与力学学院,浙江-意大利智能材料与先进结构联合实验室,宁波315211 [2]宁波大学体育学院,宁波315832

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2024年第12期107-118,共12页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：宁波大学教学研究项目(编号:JYXMXZD2022116)资助。

摘　　要：不正确的杠铃硬拉和深蹲动作会增加腰椎间盘的压力,从而导致损伤风险.本文建立了一个以踝、膝、髋等关节为节点的三维人体生物力学模型,显著优于传统的二维提拉模型.该三维模型能更全面地模拟杠铃运动中的动态力学行为,允许准确计算在复杂运动姿态下的关节压力和剪力.模型计算了不同运动姿态对腰椎L5/S1关节的压力和剪力,探讨了不同站姿角度和踝关节最大屈曲角对L5/S1关节压力峰值的影响.结果表明,增大踝关节的最大屈曲角对减轻腰椎压力峰值具有显著效果,而通过调整站姿角度对压力峰值的降低作用不明显.此外,本研究还针对特定个体(奥运举重冠军石智勇)进行了模拟,验证了模型的个性化适用性.本研究不仅为理解和优化杠铃运动提供了科学依据,也为设计安全有效的训练计划提供了数字化指导.Incorrect barbell deadlift and squat movements increase the pressure on the lumbar intervertebral discs,thereby posing a risk of injury.This study innovatively developed a three-dimensional biomechanical model of the human body with joints such as the ankle,knee,and hip as nodes,significantly surpassing traditional two-dimensional lifting models.This three-dimensional model more comprehensively simulates the dynamic mechanical behavior in barbell exercises,allowing for accurate calculations of joint pressures and shear forces in complex movement postures.The model calculated the pressure and shear forces on the L5/S1 joint under different movement postures and explored the effects of different stance angles and maximum ankle flexion angles on the peak pressure at the L5/S1 joint.The results indicated that increasing the maximum flexion angle of the ankle significantly reduces the peak pressure on the lumbar spine,while adjusting the stance angle had a negligible effect on reducing peak pressures.Additionally,this study conducted simulations for a specific individual(Olympic weightlifting champion SHI ZhiYong),verifying the personalized applicability of the model.This research not only provides a scientific basis for understanding and optimizing barbell movements but also offers digital guidance for designing safe and effective training plans.

关 键 词：杠铃运动 生物力学 运动优化 

分 类 号：G884[文化科学—体育训练] R318.01[文化科学—体育学]