数字经济中黑暗模式的法律规制:基本原理、域外方案与本土路径  

Legal Regulations of Dark Patterns in the Digital Economy:Basic Principles,Foreign Solutions,and Indigenous Approaches

作　　者：刘颖 刘佳璇 Liu Ying;Liu Jiaxuan(Law School,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学法学院,上海200092

出　　处：《上海财经大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期122-138,共17页Journal of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“数字时代中算法消费者的公私协同保护体系研究”(24BFX076)。

摘　　要：保护算法消费者合法权益是数字经济健康发展的重要内容。黑暗模式是平台经营者影响算法消费者决策的一种手段,从根本上改变了传统消费模式中营销的方式。黑暗模式可分为诱导型黑暗模式、欺骗型黑暗模式和操纵型黑暗模式等类型,不同类型的黑暗模式对算法消费者决策具有不同程度影响力,并产生损害个人信息、侵蚀意思自治等负面影响。美国法从专门法案和隐私法两条规制路径分别尝试规制黑暗模式,欧盟则采用规则与标准相结合的治理路径,两种模式存在一定差异与共性。黑暗模式法律规制需要在区分不同形态黑暗模式的基础上,实现从现象层面到模式层面的治理思路跨越,并从规制框架、倾斜保护和多方联动等层面建构本土规制路径,达到平台经营者和算法消费者保护之间的平衡、实现,促进数字经济健康发展的意旨。Protecting the legitimate rights and interests of algorithmic consumers is an important aspect of the healthy development of the digital economy.Dark patterns are means for platform operators to influence consumer decision-making,which fundamentally change the marketing methods in traditional consumption patterns.On the one hand,dark patterns affect the decision-making autonomy of algorithmic consumers through platform operators'interactive interfaces such as the design of choice architecture;on the other hand,dark patterns aggravate the digital vulnerability of algorithmic consumers,and platform operators identify and exploit consumers'cognitive biases,leading to a lack of rationality in the decisions made by algorithmic consumers under dark patterns.Dark patterns can be divided into three types:inducing dark patterns,deceptive dark patterns,and manipulative dark patterns.Different types of dark patterns have different degrees of impact on the decision-making of algorithmic consumers,and they can cause negative effects such as damaging personal information and eroding autonomy of will.The United States attempts to regulate dark patterns through approaches of specialized laws and privacy acts,while the European Union adopts an approach that combines rules and standards.There are similarities and differences between the two modes.The commonality of foreign solutions to dark patterns in the United States and the European Union lies in actively responding through legislation,focusing on protecting the right of autonomous choice of algorithmic consumers and establishing a governance system of interaction among multiple subjects.The legal regulations of dark patterns require a governance thought that spans from the phenomenon level to the mode level,based on distinguishing different forms of dark patterns.We should construct indigenous approaches from regulatory frameworks,inclined protection,and multi-party cooperation,so as to achieve a balance between platform operators and algorithmic consumer protection and promo

关 键 词：黑暗模式 消费者操纵 算法消费者保护 数字脆弱性 

分 类 号：D922.29[政治法律—经济法学] F49[政治法律—法学]