2010—2022年长沙市0~14岁儿童水痘发病特征及趋势分析  

Analysis on epidemic characteristics and trends of varicella in children aged 0-14 years old in Changsha City from 2010 to 2022

作　　者：李栎 张英[1] 罗美玲[1] LI Li;ZHANG Ying;LUO Meiling(Immunization Department,Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changsha,Hunan 410001,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙市疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科,湖南长沙410001

出　　处：《职业与健康》2024年第19期2664-2667,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的分析2010—2022年长沙市0~14岁儿童水痘发病特征及变化趋势,为制定儿童水痘防控策略提供参考依据。方法收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统中2010—2022年长沙市0~14岁儿童水痘监测资料,并对数据进行分析。结果2010—2022年0~14岁儿童水痘年均发病率为440.07/10万,总体报告发病率呈现先上升、后下降的趋势,2010—2018年呈上升趋势(APC=13.1%,P<0.05),2018—2022年呈下降趋势(APC=-30.1%,P<0.05)。男童发病率高于女童,男童、女童变化趋势与所有儿童变化趋势类似。水痘发病年龄主要集中在3~<10岁,6~<10岁年龄组儿童的水痘报告发病率总体均呈下降趋势(AAPC=-8.2%,P<0.05),<3、3~<6、10~14岁年龄组儿童的年均水痘报告发病率总体无显著变化。城区儿童水痘发病率呈下降趋势(AAPC=-10.2%,P<0.05),县(市)儿童水痘发病率总体无显著变化。结论长沙市儿童水痘发病率呈现先上升、再下降的趋势,3~<10岁年龄组儿童是水痘发病的高发人群。建议加强学校、托幼机构监测和管理,加强健康教育,尽快将水痘疫苗纳入常规免疫。Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and change trends of varicella in children aged 0-14 years old in Changsha City from 2010 to 2022,provide the basis of formulating strategies for varicella prevention and control in children.Methods The varicella surveillance data of children aged 0-14 years old in Changsha City from 2010 to 2022 were collected from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System,and the data were analyzed.Results From 2010 to 2022,the annual average incidence rate of varicella in children aged 0-14 years old was 440.07/100000.The overall reported incidence rate showed a trend of first rising,then declining.From 2010 to 2018,it showed an upward trend(APC=13.1%,P<0.05),and from2018 to 2022,it showed a downward trend(APC=-30.1%,P<0.05).The incidence rate of boys was higher than that of girls,and the change trend of boys and girls was similar to that of all children.The cases of varicella were mainly children aged 3-<10 years old.The reported incidence rate of varicella in children aged 6-<10 years old was generally declining(AAPC=-8.2%,P<0.05).The annual average reported incidence rate of varicella in children aged<3,3-<6 and 10-14 years old had a significant change.The varicella incidence rate among children in urban area showed a downward trend(AAPC=-10.2%,P<0.05),but there was no significant change in the incidence of varicella in children in county(city).Conclusions The incidence of varicella in children in Changsha City shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and children aged 3-<10 years old are the high incidence group of varicella.It is recommended to strengthen the monitoring and management of schools and kindergartens,improve health education,and incorporate varicella vaccine into routine immunization as soon as possible.

关 键 词：水痘 流行病学 趋势分析 儿童 

分 类 号：R725.1[医药卫生—儿科] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]