2004—2023年菏泽市麻疹流行病学及病原学检测特征分析  

Analysis on epidemiological and etiological detection characteristics of measles in Heze City from 2004 to 2023

作　　者：刘雅娟[1] 朱富伟 刘东晨 袁辉[1] LIU Yajuan;ZHU Fuwei;LIU Dongchen;YUAN Hui(Laboratory Department,Heze Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Heze,Shandong 274000,China;Laboratory Department,Heze Cao County Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Heze,Shandong 274400,China)

机构地区：[1]菏泽市疾病预防控制中心检验科,山东菏泽274000 [2]菏泽市曹县疾病预防控制中心检验科,山东菏泽274400

出　　处：《职业与健康》2024年第19期2679-2683,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：山东省公共卫生重点专科建设三年计划项目(鲁卫办字[2022]117号,鲁卫函[2023]621号)。

摘　　要：目的分析2004—2023年菏泽市麻疹流行病学及病原学检测特征,为实现消除麻疹提供数据支持。方法对2004—2023年报告的菏泽市麻疹病例的流行病学特征及实验室病原学检测结果进行统计和描述分析。结果2004—2023年菏泽市报告麻疹病例3745例,以每5年为1个统计时间段,其中2004—2008年发病人数最多,为2213例,年均发病率5.43/10万,2019—2023年发病人数最少,仅22例,年均发病率为0.05/10万。麻疹发病以冬春季为主,2004—2013年的4—5月为发病高峰期;2014—2018年的1—3月为发病高峰期;2019—2023年由于发病病例少,无明显的发病季节特征。各县区麻疹发病在0~32.31/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=731.020,P<0.05)。男女发病比为1.79∶1,发病以无免疫史和免疫不详者居多,分别占52.6%(806/1532)和32.4%(496/1532)。2004—2018年麻疹发病在年龄构成上呈“双向位移”的趋势,0~<8月龄年龄组发病构成比从11.97%(265/2213)升至25.74%(165/641),≥20岁年龄组的发病构成比从13.06%(289/2213)升至33.85%(217/641)。2013—2023年菏泽市共采集病原学检测标本576份,其中麻疹核酸检测阳性76份,从麻疹核酸阳性标本中分离出麻疹病毒株47株,全部为H1基因型。结论2004—2023年菏泽市麻疹发病率呈下降趋势,尤其2017年以后下降显著,接近或达到消除麻疹的目标,但由于近年全球麻疹发病形势严峻,发病率不断上升。今后工作重点包括加大流动人员及外来人员的监测,坚持开展高质量的查漏补种工作,提升监测系统敏感性,提高人群免疫水平,预防输入型病毒的传播。Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological detection characteristics of measles in Heze City from 2004 to2023,and provide data support for eliminating measles.Methods Statistical and descriptive analysis was conducted on the epidemiological characteristics and etiological detection results of measles cases reported in Heze City from 2004 to 2023.Results From 2004 to 2023,3745 measles cases were reported in Heze.Taking every five years as a statistical period,the highest number of cases in 2004 to 2008 was 2213,with an average annual incidence rate of 5.43/100000,the lowest number in 2019 to2023 was only 22 cases,with an average annual incidence rate of 0.05/100000.The incidence of measles was mainly in winter and spring,and the peak period was April to May from 2004 to 2013,the peak period was January to March from 2014 to 2018.From 2019 to 2023,due to the low incidence of cases,there were no obvious seasonal characteristics of measles.The incidence of measles in each county ranged from 0 to 32.31/100000,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=731.020,P<0.05).The incidence ratio of male to female was 1.79∶1,with the majority of cases being those without a history of immunity or those with unknown immunity,accounting for 52.6%(806/1532)and 32.4%(496/1532),respectively.From 2004 to 2018,the incidence of measles showed a"bidirectional shift"trend in age composition,constituent ratio of incidence in age group 0-<8 months increasing from 11.97%(265/2213)to 25.74%(165/641),and constituent ratio of incidence in age group≥20 years increasing from 13.06%(289/2213)to 33.85%(217/641).A total of 576 etiological detection samples were collected in Heze from 2013 to2023,of which 76 were positive for measles nucleic acid.47 measles virus strains were isolated from positive measles nucleic acid samples,all of which were H1 genotype.Conclusion The incidence rate of measles in Heze City showed a downward trend from2004 to 2023,especially after 2017,approaching or achieving measles elimination goal

关 键 词：麻疹 发病率 流行病学特征 病原学检测 防控 

分 类 号：R511.1[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]