西方社会结构真是以“团体格局”或“集团生活”为主吗?  

Is the Western Social Structure Really Dominated By"Organizational mode of Association"or"Collective Life"?

作　　者：谢立中[1,2] Xie Lizhong

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系,北京100871 [2]哈尔滨工程大学人文社会科学学院

出　　处：《浙江学刊》2024年第6期19-27,235,共10页Zhejiang Academic Journal

摘　　要：费孝通和梁漱溟两位先生曾经分别以不同词汇表述了一个内涵高度一致的观点,即中国社会的人际关系结构是以“差序格局”或“伦理关系”类型为主,西方社会则是以“团体格局”或“集团生活”为主的。但大量来自人类学和文献的事例表明,情况并非如此简单。无论是在传统或现代西方社会中,“差序格局”在人际关系中实际上也都是一种普遍存在的结构形态。因此,西方社会结构并非单纯只是以“团体格局”或“集团生活”形态为主的。无论是在古代还是在现代的西方社会中,“差序格局”都是其社会结构的一种基本形态,只不过现代西方社会存在的“差序格局”与中西传统社会亲属关系里存在的“差序格局”之间有着一些特定区别而已。Fei Xiaotong and Liang Shuming have expressed a highly consistent view in different terms,that is,the social structure in Chinese society is dominated by“differential mode of association”or“ethical relation”,while the Western society is dominated by“organizational mode of association”or"collective life".But a wealth of examples from the anthropological literature suggest that the situation is not so simple.No matter in the traditional or modern western society,“differential mode of association”is actually a universal mode of social structure.Therefore,the Western social structure is not simply based on“organizational mode of association”or“collective life”.No matter in ancient or modern Western society,“differential mode of association”is also a basic form of its social structure,but there are some specific differences between the"differential mode of association"existing in modern Western society and the“differential mode of association”existing in traditional Chinese and Western societies.

关 键 词：西方社会结构 团体格局 集团生活 差序格局 自我中心网 

分 类 号：C912[经济管理]