基于超高顺坡的某工程车曲线通过性能及其悬挂参数优化  

Curve Passing Performance and Suspension Parameter Optimization of an Engineering Vehicle Based on Superelevation Slope

作　　者：刘加蕙 黄志辉[1] 于宏达 江慧[1] LIU Jiahui;HUANG Zhihui;YU Hongda;JIANG Hui(State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《石家庄铁道大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期91-97,110,共8页Journal of Shijiazhuang Tiedao University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：四川省自然科学基金(2022NSFSC0035)。

摘　　要：直线型超高顺坡造价低、占地少、应用广泛,但使轨道不平顺加剧,影响车辆的曲线通过性能。因此,以某工程车为例,分析其分别在直线型、一波正弦型和半波正弦型超高顺坡条件下的曲线通过性能及轮轨垂向力的变化规律,推出一、二系弹簧垂向力变化量与超高顺坡率之间的关系。此外,基于最优拉丁超立方,设计得出不同超高顺坡时工程车各悬挂参数对其曲线通过性能的贡献程度,并选取贡献度大的悬挂参数进行多目标优化。结果表明,3种超高顺坡类型中,直线型超高顺坡的轮重减载率在速度低于50 km/h时最小,在速度高于50 km/h时最大,其轮轨垂向力波动明显,一波正弦型和半波正弦型超高顺坡时轮轨垂向力波动较小,呈抛物线形变化。工程车一、二系弹簧垂向力变化量与对应超高顺坡率近似呈线性关系。优化后工程车脱轨系数基本不变,轮重减载率优化了28%~36%,远小于第2限度。相较于一波正弦型和半波正弦型,直线型超高顺坡时工程车轮重减载率受二系簧垂向刚度的影响较大,需降至5.08 MN/m。The linear slope type has less cost and land occupation,so that it is widely used.But it exacerbates the track irregularity and affects the curve passing performance of vehicle.Therefore,taking an engineering vehicle as an example,the curve passing performance and the variation of wheel-rail vertical force in linear,sine and cosine type were analyzed.The relationship between the vertical force of spring and superelevation slope ratio was deduced.In addition,the contribution degree of each suspension parameter to the curve passing performance of the engineering vehicle under different superelevation type was analyzed based on the optimal Latin Hypercube design,and some suspension parameters were selected for multi-objective optimization.The results show that among three superelevation types,the wheel load reduction rate in linear type is the smallest when the speed is lower than 50 km/h,and the largest when the speed is higher than 50 km/h.The wheel-rail vertical force in linear type fluctuates obviously,and the wheel-rail vertical force in sine type and cosine type is parabolic.There is an approximate linear relationship between the variation of vertical force of spring and the superelevation slope ratio.After optimization,the derailment coefficient of engineering vehicle remains basically unchanged,and the wheel load reduction rate is optimized by 28%~36%,which is far less than the second limit.Compared with sine and cosine type,the wheel load reduction rate in linear type is greatly affected by the vertical stiffness of the secondary spring,and the vertical stiffness needs to be reduced to 5.08 MN/m.

关 键 词：工程车 超高顺坡 曲线通过性能 悬挂参数 多目标优化 

分 类 号：U273[机械工程—车辆工程]