不同有机替代处理对旱地麦田土壤微生物群落的影响  

Effects of Different Organic Substitutes on Soil Microbial Community in Dryland Wheat Fields

作　　者：乔青青 刘治国 姜丽伟 赵晓东 李廷亮[4] 谢英荷 QIAO Qingqing;LIU Zhiguo;JIANG Liwei;ZHAO Xiaodong;LI Tingliang;XIE Yinghe(College of Biological Sciences and Technology,Taiyuan Normal University,Yuci,Shanxi 030619,China;Shanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Security in Fenhe River Basin,Taiyuan Normal University,Yuci,Shanxi 030619,China;Agricultural Industry Development Center of Pianguan County,Pianguan,Shanxi 036400,China;College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]太原师范学院生物科学与技术学院,山西榆次030619 [2]太原师范学院汾河流域地表过程与资源生态安全山西省重点实验室,山西榆次030619 [3]偏关县农业产业发展中心,山西偏关036400 [4]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2024年第10期73-82,共10页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42377356)。

摘　　要：为探明不同有机替代处理对土壤功能微生物和参与氮循环功能酶基因的影响,在山西洪洞旱地麦田长期定位试验基地设定有机肥(OF)和腐殖酸(HF)2种替代处理,并对其进行研究。结果表明,不同有机替代处理对土壤真菌群落多样性和结构的改变明显高于细菌群落。Network分析发现,不同有机替代处理均增加了微生物的共现性网络边数、节点数和平均邻居数,并且细菌群落间互相作用更复杂。Streptomyces、Paenibacillus、Chaetomium和Talaromyces为植物病原菌的生物防治菌,OF处理的Streptomyces、Paenibacillus、Chaetomium和Talaromyces丰度较HF处理均有不同程度提高。植物病原菌Fusarium和Acremonium丰度在OF处理中为最低值,较HF处理分别降低33%和37%。11个参与氮循环的酶基因被发现,OF处理的总丰度较HF处理增加47%,特别是OF处理的酶基因EC 1.7.2.6和EC 1.7.99.-丰度较HF处理分别提升126%和95%,这将有利于氮素养分的供应。此外,潜在解磷菌的丰度在不同有机替代处理中呈增加趋势。综上所述,有机肥替代处理较腐殖酸替代处理更能为晋南旱地小麦生长提供优良的条件,适宜在该区域推广。In order to investigate the effects of different organic substitutes on soil functional microorganisms and functional enzyme genes involved in nitrogen cycling,organic fertilizer(OF)and humic acid(HF)were set up in a long-term location experiment based in the dryland wheat field of Hongtong,Shanxi Province.The results revealed that the changes in the diversity and structure of soil fungal communities were notably more pronounced than those in bacterial communities resulting from various organic substitutes.Network analysis showed that different organic substitutes increased the number of edges,nodes,and average neighbors in the microbial co-occurrence network,making the interactions between bacterial communities more complex.The abundance of biological control agents for plant pathogens,such as Streptomyces,Paenibacillus,Chaetomium,and Talaromyces,was higher in OF compared to the HF.The abundance of plant pathogenic fungi,Fusarium and Acremonium,showed the lowest abundance in the OF,which was 33%and 37%lower than that in the HF.A total of 11 enzyme genes involved in the nitrogen cycle showed a 47%increase in abundance in the OF compared to the HF.In particular,the abundance of enzyme genes EC 1.7.2.6 and EC 1.7.99.-increased by 126%and 95%in the OF compared to the HF,potentially enhancing nitrogen nutrient availability.In addition,the abundance of potential phosphate-solubilizing microbes also showed an increasing trend in different organic substitute treatments.In conclusion,organic fertilizer substitute provides more favorable conditions for dryland wheat growth in southern Shanxi compared to humic acid substitution,making it suitable for regional promotion.

关 键 词：小麦 有机替代 微生物 氮循环 功能酶基因 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]