地下因子驱动的人工混交林生产力提高机制  

Productivity improvement mechanism of mixed forest plantations driven by underground factors

作　　者：杨立学[1,2,3] YANG Lixue(College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang,China;Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Northeast Native Tree Species-National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang,China;Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]东北林业大学国家林业草原东北乡土树种工程技术研究中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [3]东北林业大学森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2024年第11期1-10,共10页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0601204);中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(黑[2024]TG02号)。

摘　　要：由于立地条件限制、商业需求等原因,世界范围内营建了大面积的人工林,其在木材生产、景观建设、环境改善和减缓气候变化等方面发挥着重要作用。然而,人工纯林经营带来的生产力下降和生物多样性降低等弊端是制约其发展的主要问题。营建混交林是为了规避人工纯林中出现的上述问题,最大程度提高人工林的效益。受限于林木生长的长周期性、森林环境的复杂性和土壤“黑箱”特性,探索地下生态系统进程具有一定的挑战性。目前,混交林增产机制的研究多集中于树种组成和林分结构等地上部分,地下因子的探索多注重土壤养分含量和周转过程,对于最终驱动混交林增产的机制仍有诸多疑问。生态位互补导致的地下生态位分离、竞争减少和促进作用是混交林中物种共存的主要机制,有利于混交树种资源获取,根可塑性对种间相互作用的响应是植物避免直接竞争有限资源的另一种机制,甚至可能导致“超产效应”。植物-土壤反馈导致的根系分泌物和土壤微生物变化对某些混交林内的生理生态过程产生重要影响。因此,生态位互补和植物-土壤反馈在很大程度上决定了混交林的生产力和可持续性。鉴于此,本文的目的是基于生态位互补效应、植物-土壤反馈理论,阐述成功的人工混交林地下发生的相互作用,力图加深我们对于混交林树木地下资源获取策略变化与调节机制的理解,并提出目前研究的不足及展望。A large area of plantation has been built worldwide due to site restriction,commercial need and other reasons,which plays an important role in wood production,landscape construction,environmental improvement and climate change mitigation.However,the decrease of productivity and biodiversity caused by monoculture management are the main problems restricting its development.The purpose of constructing mixed forests is to avoid the above problems in monoculture and maximize the benefits of plantation.Due to the long periodicity of forest growth,the complexity of forest environment and the characteristics of soil“black box”,it is challenging to explore the process of underground ecosystem.At present,the research on the mechanism of increasing yield of mixed forests mainly focuses on the above-ground parts such as tree species composition and stand structure,and the exploration of subsurface factors mainly focuses on soil nutrient content and turnover process.Subsurface niche separation,competition reduction and promotion caused by niche complementarity are the main mechanisms of species coexistence in mixed forests,which is conducive to resource acquisition of mixed tree species.The response of root plasticity to interspecific interaction is another mechanism for plants to avoid direct competition for limited resource.Both may even lead to an“overyielding effect”.Changes in root secretions and soil microorganisms caused by plantsoil feedback have important effects on physiological and ecological processes in some mixed forests.Thus,niche complementarity and plant-soil feedback largely determine the productivity and sustainability of mixed forests.In view of this,the purpose of this paper is to elaborate the underground interactions of successful mixed forests based on niche complementarity and plant-soil feedback theory, in an effort to deepen our understanding of the changes and regulatory mechanisms of subsurface resource acquisition strategies of trees in mixed forests, and the shortcomings and prospects o

关 键 词：人工混交林 生态位互补 植物-土壤反馈 根系分布 根可塑性 根系分泌物 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S718.55[农业科学—林学]