红松人工林地表火排放PM_(2.5)及其水溶性碳特征  

Characteristics of surface fire emission of PM_(2.5) and its water-soluble carbon in red pine plantation

作　　者：王欣宇[1] 李兆国 杨光[1] 宁吉彬 韩懂懂 耿道通 马尚炯 吴菲[1] WANG Xinyu;LI Zhaoguo;YANG Guang;NING Jibin;HAN Dongdong;GENG Daotong;MA Shangjiong;WU Fei(School of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2024年第11期78-86,共9页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFC3003100);国家自然科学基金项目(32371881);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2572023CT01);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2021C011)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究火干扰对野火排放PM_(2.5)质量浓度的影响,并了解野火排放PM_(2.5)参与大气碳循环的潜在能力,探究了火环境条件、火行为因素对野火排放PM_(2.5)质量浓度及其水溶性碳的影响,可为揭示野火干扰—野火排放颗粒物—大气环境之间的多过程相互反馈关系提供科学依据,对进一步量化野火对大气环境的影响有重要意义。【方法】本研究以红松人工林地表可燃物为实验材料,通过开展不同载量,含水率,坡度预设条件的模拟燃烧实验,量化火焰高度、火焰长度、火焰深度、燃烧效率等火行为和火环境因素对PM_(2.5)、水溶性碳的影响。通过单因素方差分析、多因素方差分析、相关分析、随机森林回归重要性排序等方法分析火环境对火行为的影响,火环境、火行为对PM_(2.5)、水溶性碳质量浓度的影响。【结果】可燃物载量极显著影响PM_(2.5)、水溶性碳质量浓度(P<0.01),可燃物含水率显著影响水溶性碳质量浓度(P<0.05),但对PM_(2.5)质量浓度未产生显著影响(P>0.05),坡度对PM_(2.5)、水溶性碳质量浓度均未产生显著影响(P>0.05);可燃物载量与火行为呈显著正相关(P<0.05),可燃物含水率与火行为呈显著负相关(P<0.05),坡度仅显著影响火焰深度(P<0.05);通过随机森林回归分析,对PM_(2.5)质量浓度影响较高的有火焰高度(39.12)、床层厚度(36.27)、火焰深度(35.01)、火焰长度(30.76),对水溶性碳质量浓度影响较高的有床层厚度(40.05)、火焰高度(31.98)、火焰长度(31.06)。【结论】红松人工林地表可燃物燃烧排放的PM_(2.5)及水溶性碳质量浓度特征显著地受到火行为的直接影响和火环境的间接影响。火环境能间接影响野火排放PM_(2.5)质量浓度和水溶性碳。火干扰可以通过影响野火排放PM_(2.5)质量浓度和水溶性碳对野火区域及其周边地区的生态环境造成持续性影响。【Objective】The effects of fire disturbance on the mass concentration of PM_(2.5) emitted from wildfires were studied,and the potential ability of PM_(2.5) emitted from wildfires to participate in the atmospheric carbon cycle was understood.The effects of fire environmental conditions and fire behavior factors on the mass concentration of PM_(2.5) emitted from wildfires and its water-soluble carbon were explored.It can provide a scientific basis for revealing the multi-process mutual feedback relationship between wildfire disturbance-wildfire emission particles-atmospheric environment,and is of great significance for further quantifying the impact of wildfires on the atmospheric environment.【Method】In this study,the surface combustible materials of red pine plantation were used as experimental materials.Simulated combustion experiments with different load,moisture content and slope preconditions were carried out to quantify the effects of flame height,flame length,flame width,combustion efficiency and other fire behavior and fire environment factors on PM_(2.5) and water-soluble carbon.The effects of fire environment on fire behavior,fire environment and fire behavior on PM_(2.5) and water-soluble carbon mass concentration were analyzed by one-way ANOVA,multi-factor ANOVA,correlation analysis and random forest regression importance ranking methods.【Result】The fuel load significantly affected the mass concentration of PM_(2.5) and watersoluble carbon(P<0.01).The fuel moisture content significantly affected the mass concentration of water-soluble carbon(P<0.05),but had no significant effect on the mass concentration of PM_(2.5)(P>0.05).The slope had no significant effect on the mass concentration of PM_(2.5) and water-soluble carbon (P > 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between fuel loading and fire behavior (P < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between fuel moisture content and fire behavior (P < 0.05). Slope only significantly affected flame depth (P < 0.05). Throu

关 键 词：模拟燃烧实验 火环境 火行为 PM_(2.5) 水溶性成分 

分 类 号：S762.1[农业科学—森林保护学]