基于多源遥感数据的“交响乐”轮溢油污染监测  

Multi-remote sensing of spilled oils from A Symphony tanker collision in the Yellow Sea

作　　者：赵崴[1,2] 王利锋 牛生丽 吕航[3] 宋舒娴 焦俊男 宋庆君 陆应诚 Zhao Wei;Wang Lifeng;Niu Shengli;Lü Hang;Song Shuxian;Jiao Junnan;Song Qingjun;Lu Yingcheng(National Satellite Ocean Application Service,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100081,China;International Institute for Earth System Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]国家卫星海洋应用中心,北京100081 [2]自然资源部空间海洋遥感与应用重点实验室,北京100081 [3]南京大学国际地球系统科学研究所,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《海洋学报》2024年第9期109-119,共11页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42371380,42071387,42176183);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(0904-14380035)。

摘　　要：溢油是海洋生态环境监测的重点对象。合成孔径雷达、光学遥感与热红外遥感等卫星技术开展海洋溢油监测的机理已得到阐明,发挥多源遥感的技术特点和应用优势,实现海洋溢油的精准监测与量化评估,为海洋环境保护提供重要的技术支撑。2021年4月27日巴拿马籍“义海”轮与利比亚籍“交响乐”轮在青岛外海发生碰撞,导致约9400t船载货油泄漏入海。本文利用多源卫星遥感数据,监测并分析了该事故海域的溢油污染覆盖状况及其乳化溢油分布特征。基于溢油多源遥感响应机理与响应特征,优化了多源卫星遥感数据的处理流程,实现了溢油覆盖区域的识别与多种溢油污染类型的分类。结果表明:2021年5月1日至5月22日,“交响乐”轮溢油污染事件累积溢油像元覆盖面积为2368.7 km^(2),其中乳化溢油像元覆盖面积为1019.3 km^(2),乳化油面积占比达43.0%,单日最大溢油像元面积达734km^(2);多源遥感监测结果可以互为验证,光学遥感更具备识别不同溢油污染的能力,其中乳化溢油代表了污染危害的关键所在,从而提高了海洋溢油污染的监测评估精度,为溢油污染事件的危害评估与精细化监测提供可靠的技术与方法参考。Oil spill is one of the critical target of marine environmental monitoring.Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR),thermal infrared remote sensing,and optical remote sensing for monitoring of marine oil spills have been elucidated,and it is crucial for marine environmental protection to utilize the features and advantages of multi-source remote sensing to achieve accurate monitoring and quantitative assessment of marine oil spills.On April 27,2021,the collision between the Panamanian vessel Sea Justice and the Liberian oil tanker A Symphony resulted in an estimated 9400 t of cargo oil seeping into the yellow sea.Here,we used multi-source satellite remote sensing data to monitor and analyze the coverage of oil spill and the distribution of emulsified oil in this accident.Based on the response mechanism and characteristics of oil spill multi-source remote sensing,the processing of multi-source data is optimized to realize the identification of oil spills and the classification of multiple oil types.The findings indicate that from May 1 to May 22,2021,the cumulative pixel area of oil spills from A Symphony tanker was 2368.7 km^(2),of which the emulsified oil pixel area was 1019.3 km^(2),accounting for 43.0%.The maximum daily oil spill pixel area reached 734 km^(2).The results of multi-remote sensing monitoring validated each other,and optical re-mote sensing is more capable of identifying different oil types,in which the emulsified oil represents the key of pol-lution hazards.It improves the accuracy of monitoring and assessment of marine oil spills,and provides reliable technical and methodological references for the hazard assessment and refined monitoring of oil pollution events.

关 键 词：海洋溢油 乳化溢油 多源遥感 “交响乐”轮 光学遥感 热红外遥感 

分 类 号：X834[环境科学与工程—环境工程]