法律、自由与伦理——马克思《莱茵报》时期的法律观  

Law,Freedom,and Ethical life——Marx's View of Law during His Time at the Rheinische Zeitung

作　　者：方博[1] FANG Bo

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系,北京100871

出　　处：《学术月刊》2024年第11期32-41,共10页Academic Monthly

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重点项目“马克思国家理论的范式转换研究”(22ZXA001)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：相比于其哲学观与国家观,《莱茵报》时期的马克思的法律观是最忠实于黑格尔思想的部分。此时的马克思从形式和内容两方面都继承了黑格尔关于法是自由的定在的定义,并由此区别于康德和费希特关于法与自由的关系的理解。马克思在《莱茵报》时期对预防性的法律的批判,也直接基于黑格尔关于刑罚的目的及正当性的报应论立场,马克思借此在法学理论中重申了德国古典哲学特有的对人的理性和尊严的尊重。而在离婚法问题上,马克思更是完整地继承了黑格尔的逻辑和观点,并对康德式的自由主义婚姻观进行了直接的批判。这一法律观清楚地表明了马克思作为黑格尔派的思想阶段,而不是像阿尔都塞所声称的那样,首先是康德-费希特派,然后是费尔巴哈派。Compared to his philosophical and political views,Marx's view of law during his time at the Rheinische Zeitung remains most faithful to Hegel's ideas.During this period,Marx adopted Hegel's definition of law as the Dasein of freedom,both in form and content,distinguishing himself from Kant and Fichte's interpretations of the relationship between law and freedom.Marx's critique of preventive law during this time was directly grounded in Hegel's retributive theory regarding the purpose and legitimacy of punishment.Through this,Marx reaffirmed in legal theory the German classical philosophical respect for human reason and dignity.In the context of divorce law,Marx thoroughly embraced Hegel's logic and viewpoints,directly criticizing the Kantian liberal view of marriage.Marx's view of law at that time clearly demonstrates his intellectual phase as a follower of Hegelianism,contrary to Althusser's claim that Marx was first a follower of Kant and Fichte,and then Feuerbach.

关 键 词：法律 自由 报应论 离婚法 伦理 

分 类 号：A1[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]