论宅基地制度改革的出路:从个体化利用到集体化利用  

On the Path of Reforming of the Homestead System:From Individualized Use to Collective Use

作　　者：尤佳[1] You Jia

机构地区：[1]安徽大学法学院

出　　处：《法商研究》2024年第6期100-115,共16页Studies in Law and Business

基　　金：安徽省自然资源科技项目(2024-KZ-7)。

摘　　要：宅基地制度改革以农民个体化利用作为盘活宅基地的路径,遭遇了宅基地使用权身份性限制的法律瓶颈。但宅基地使用权的身份性是宅基地承载集体土地政治、保障、治理功能的抓手,为实现土地财产价值而摒除或变相摒除宅基地使用权身份性的方案均不具有可行性。在深化宅基地制度改革的进程中,应秉持“更加注重系统集成”的改革方法,转换以宅基地使用权变革实现土地财产价值的思路,由宅基地上的另一种权利即集体土地所有权实现土地财产价值,具体路径为由宅基地的个体化利用转向集体化利用。相较于个体化利用,集体化利用可全面实现政治、保障、治理等其他土地功能。在规范协同上,完善农民个体的宅基地使用权到期规则是实现集体化利用的关键。The reform of the homestead system is based on homestead use rights and takes the individualized use of farmers as the path to revitalize homestead land. However, it has encountered legal bottlenecks due to the identity restrictions of homestead land use rights. The identity of the right is the key to carry out the functions of collective land, such as politics, security and governance. It is not feasible to exclude or indirectly exclude the identity in order to realize the value of land. In the process of deepening the reform of the homestead system, we should adhere to the reform method of “paying more attention to the system and integration”, transform the idea of realizing land property value through the reform of homestead use rights, and realize land property value through another right on homestead, namely collective land ownership. The specific path is from the individualized use of homestead to the collective use of homestead. Compared to individualized use, collective use can comprehensively achieve other land functions such as politics, security, and governance. In terms of legislation synergy, it is a key system of improving the expiration rules of individual farmers' homestead use rights.

关 键 词：宅基地使用权身份性 宅基地“三权分置” 宅基地个体化利用 宅基地集体化利用 

分 类 号：D922.3[政治法律—法学] D923.2