农业生态补偿:内涵、要素特征与政策创设  

AGRICULTURAL ECOLOGICAL COMPENSATION:CONNOTATION,ELEMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS AND POLICY DESIGN

作　　者：牛坤玉[1] 刘静[1] 郭静利 胡晓燕 周颖[4] 王大庆 Niu kunyu;Liu Jing;Guo Jingli;Hu Xiaoyan;Zhou Ying;Wang Daqing(Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing 100081,China;Biotechnology Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing 100081,China;Rural Development Institute,Chinese Academy of Social Science,Beijing 100732,China;Institute of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing 100081,China;Heilongjiang Nongken Management Cadre College,Harbin 150025,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院生物技术研究所,北京100081 [3]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所,北京100732 [4]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [5]黑龙江省农垦管理干部学院,哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《中国农业资源与区划》2024年第10期1-10,共10页Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“矿区生态环境与生计的协调演变机理与政策研究”(72104239);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(10-IAED-ZT-06-2024,10-IAED-ZT-06-2024)。

摘　　要：[目的]农业生态补偿是促进农业生态价值实现最重要的政策工具之一。现有研究对于农业生态补偿的范围、适用条件、合理的政策设计等缺乏系统分析。[方法]文章基于文献综述、理论分析以及国际经验借鉴等分析方法,系统梳理了农业生态补偿的概念和内涵演进,总结了农业生态补偿的核心要素和适用条件,在梳理农业外部性特征基础上提出农业生态补偿的政策框架设计,分析目前存在的问题和局限,在此基础上提出了农业生态补偿政策改进的关键措施。[结果]提出构建“城镇补农村、工业补农业、政府补农户、销区补产区、中央补产区”的五位一体生态补偿机制,根据农业具有的外部性属性和外溢对象,提出农业生态补偿的政策框架。[结论]提出对标WTO补贴规则,推进农业财政资金绿色化和生态化,加强补偿标准设计的科学性,推动农业生态补偿的市场化和多元化等政策建议。Agro-ecological compensation is one of the most important policy tools to promote the realization of agro-ecological values.Existing studies lack systematic analysis on the scope,application conditions,and reasonable policy design of agroecological compensation.Based on literature review,theoretical analysis,and international experience,this study systematically analyzed the concept and connotation of agroecological compensation,and summarized the core elements and applicable conditions of agroecological compensation.Building upon the characteristics of agricultural externalities,it proposed a policy framework for agricultural ecological compensation,analyzed the existing problems and limitations,and put forward key measures for improving agricultural ecological compensation policies based on this analysis.Then it proposed to establish a fivein-one ecological compensation mechanism:'cities compensating rural areas,industries compensating agriculture,government compensating farmers,consumption regions compensating production regions,and the central government compensating production regions'.Furthermore,it presented a policy framework for agricultural ecological compensation based on the externality attributes and spillover effects of agriculture.Finally,this study puts forward policy recommendations such as benchmarking against WTO subsidy rules,promoting the greening and ecologization of agricultural financial funds,strengthening the scientific nature of compensation standards design,and promoting the marketization and diversification of agricultural ecological compensation.

关 键 词：生态价值实现 农业生态补偿 内涵 要素特征 政策 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]