技术-安全复合体与美国对华战略  

The Technology-Security Complex and US Strategy Toward China

作　　者：赵明昊 ZHAO Minghao

机构地区：[1]复旦大学美国研究中心 [2]复旦大学一带一路及全球治理研究院

出　　处：《国际问题研究》2024年第5期59-78,140,共21页International Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目“美国科技发展变局及对华科技竞争研究”(22JJD810006)的成果。

摘　　要：在美国推动对华战略竞争的背景下,科技领域的博弈被美方视为中美较量的核心,美国国家安全战略部门与科技界的联系更趋紧密。高技术企业、技术产业协会、研究科技竞争问题的专家和智库等在防务采办、情报分析、战略咨询等多方面为美国国家安全部门提供关键支持。在“经济鹰派”“意识形态鹰派”之外,“技术鹰派”对美国对华战略的制定具有越发重要的影响力,国家安全精英与科技界之间的“旋转门”现象突出,为技术-安全复合体的发展提供了重要基础。美国国务院围绕“技术外交”强化机制和能力建设,促进人工智能等技术手段对美国外交的赋能,推动构建多层次、相互嵌套的技术联盟;美国军事部门通过防务创新小组等机制加快新兴技术与军事能力的融合;美国情报界与高技术企业、风险投资机构等社会性力量之间的协作也在不断拓展。作为军事-工业复合体在地缘技术时代的新变体,技术-安全复合体成为美国霸权护持的关键支撑,其对中美博弈的影响值得高度重视。In the context of US competitive strategy toward China,technology is at the core of the US-China competition.American national security agencies have become more closely linked with the technological community.High-tech enterprises,technology industry associations,as well as think tanks focusing on the technological competition have become critical partners for the US national security agencies.They provide support in defense innovation,intelligence analysis,strategic consulting and other aspects.In addition to the“economic hawks”and“ideological hawks,”the“technological hawks”are gaining more influence on the US strategy toward China.The“revolving door”between the national security elites and the technological community has become more salient,which facilitates the development of the technology-security complex.The US Department of State focuses on technology diplomacy and strengthens related mechanisms and capacity building,taking advantage of artificial intelligence and other technologies to empower US diplomacy and build up multi-dimensional technology alliances;the US military sector accelerates the integration of emerging technologies and military capabilities through the Defense Innovation Unit and other mechanisms;collaboration between the US intelligence community and societal forces such as high-tech firms and venture capital is also expanding.As a new variant of the military-industrial complex in the geo-technological era,the growing technology-security complex has become a key pillar for US hegemony,and its impact on the US-China relations deserves much attention.

关 键 词：技术-安全复合体 美国国家安全战略 中美关系 技术联盟 

分 类 号：D822.371.2[政治法律—政治学] D871.22[政治法律—外交学]