可回收玄武岩纤维增强复合材料的制备及性能  

Preparation and Properties of Recyclable Basalt Fiber Reinforced Composites

作　　者：刘贺晨[1,2] 魏利伟 张铭嘉 孙章林 刘云鹏 LIU Hechen;WEI Liwei;ZHANG Mingjia;SUN Zhanglin;LIU Yunpeng(Hebei Key Laboratory of Green and Efficient New Electrical Materials and Equipment North China Electric Power University,Baoding 071003,China;State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学河北省绿色高效电工新材料与设备重点实验室,保定071003 [2]新能源电力系统国家重点实验室(华北电力大学),北京102206

出　　处：《高电压技术》2024年第11期5087-5097,共11页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52377025);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(20226934)。

摘　　要：传统纤维增强复合材料的基体树脂固化后形成的交联网络难溶解、难熔融,导致退役后的纤维增强复合材料难以处理。为此以1,5,7-三叠氮双环(4.4.0)癸-5-烯为催化剂合成了基于酯交换的类玻璃化环氧树脂(vitrimers),制备了可回收玄武岩纤维增强复合材料(vitrimers-based basalt fiber-reinforced polymer,VBFRP),对比了传统树脂基复合材料(epoxy-based basalt fiber-reinforced polymer,BFRP)和VBFRP的机械性能、电气性能和热性能,并利用乙二醇溶液实现了玄武岩纤维的高效回收。结果表明:VBFRP具有不逊色于BFRP的力学性能,且表现出更高的断裂伸长率。催化剂含量的增加使得VBFRP拥有更强的力学性能,但是过量的催化剂会导致VBFRP的界面结合强度下降;与BFRP相比,所有VBFRP的电气性能均有所下降。且VBFRP的电气性能受催化剂含量的影响,适当的催化剂含量能够提高VBFRP的电气性能。VBFRP-2的电气性能下降程度较低,其击穿强度、泄漏电流和介质损耗因数分别为29.29 kV/mm、29.88μA和1.66%;VBFRP具有更高的玻璃化温度,但是其初始分解温度随着催化剂含量的增加而降低,热稳定性下降;经过28 d热老化后,VBFRP-2的泄漏电流和介质损耗因数分别增加了83.94%和48.19%,耐热老化程度低于BFRP;回收后的玄武岩纤维表面整洁,几乎无树脂残留,且化学结构并未改变,其单丝拉断强度保留率达到90.85%。The crosslinked network formed by the curing matrix resin of the traditional fiber reinforced composites is difficult to depolymerize,which makes the fiber reinforced composites difficult to deal with after decommissioning.In this paper,1,5,7-triazide dicyclic(4.4.0)deca-5-ene was used as catalyst to synthesize the glass-like epoxy resin(Vitri-mers)based on transesterification,and the recyclable basalt fiber reinforced composite(Vitrimers-based Basalt Fiber-reinforced Polymer,VBFRP)was prepared.The mechanical,electrical and thermal properties of traditional resin matrix composites(Epoxy-based Basalt Fiber-reinforced Polymer,BFRP)and VBFRP were compared.The high effi-ciency recovery of basalt fiber was realized by using glycol solution.The results show that the mechanical properties of VBFRP are not inferior to BFRP,and the elongation at break is higher.The increase of catalyst content makes the me-chanical properties of VBFRP stronger,but excessive catalyst will lead to the decrease of the interface bonding strength of VBFRP.Compared with BFRP,the electrical properties of VBFRP are decreased.The decrease in electrical performance of VBFRP-2 is relatively low.Its breakdown strength,leakage current,and dielectric loss factor are 29.29 kV/mm,29.88μA and 1.66%respectively.In addition,the electrical properties of VBFRP are affected by the content of catalyst,and the appropriate content of catalyst can improve the electrical properties of VBFRP.Moreover,VBFRP has higher glass transition temperatures,but its initial decomposition temperature decreases with the increase of catalyst content,and its thermal stability decreases.After 28 days of thermal aging,the leakage current and media loss factor of VBFRP-2 are increased by 83.94%and 48.19%,respectively.The recovered basalt fiber has a clean surface and almost no resin residue.The chemical structure of the fibers does not change,and the tensile strength retention rate of the fibers can reach 90.85%.

关 键 词：复合材料 电工装备 类玻璃化高分子 环氧树脂 可回收 玄武岩纤维 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]