野生与不同栽培类型的灵芝种质遗传多态性及群体特征  

Analysis of genetic diversity and population characteristics of Ganoderma lingzhi germplasm resources of wild and different cultivated types

作　　者：贺宗毅[1,2] 王伯初 马传贵[3] 孙一翡 陈岗 崔宝凯[4] HE Zongyi;WANG Bochu;MA Chuangui;SUN Yifei;CHEN Gang;CUI Baokai(Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica,Chongqing 400065,China;Bioengineering College of Chongqing University,Chongqing 400900,China;Beijing Jingcheng Biological Technology Co.Ltd,Beijing 102600,China;National Key Laboratory for Efficient Production of Forest Resources,School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市中药研究院,重庆400065 [2]重庆大学生物工程学院,重庆400900 [3]北京京诚生物科技有限公司,北京102600 [4]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《菌物学报》2024年第11期102-116,共15页Mycosystema

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1201601-1,2021YFD1601005);国家自然科学基金(32325001);重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项(CSTB2023TIAD-KPX0046);重庆市基本科研业务费(jbky20200025,jbky20210015);重庆市卫生健康委员会青年人才基金(2021ZY3709)。

摘　　要：灵芝是我国著名的中药材,了解灵芝种质资源遗传多样性和群体结构,对于灵芝种群的有效保护和开发利用至关重要。本文采用全基因组重测序技术对来自野生与不同栽培类型的62份灵芝种质的遗传多态性和群体特征进行了分析。共计获得SNP位点1388506个,InDel位点172341个,高质量的多态性SNP位点2003个,多态性指数PIC 0.031–0.755。灵芝种质资源遗传多态性和群体特征表明,各菌株间的遗传距离介于0.0111–0.5940;遗传距离和系统发育树显示自然栽培菌株、工厂化栽培菌株和部分野生菌株混合聚成一支,自然栽培(大棚栽培)与工厂化栽培菌株可各自聚成一支。自然栽培(林下拟境栽培)与部分自然栽培(大棚栽培)菌株混合聚成一支,且遗传分化小。群体分析的结果显示可将灵芝种质资源分为5个亚群,各亚群已形成遗传分化,除野生菌株构成的亚群外,其他栽培亚群遗传背景均较单一,栽培灵芝种质存在遗传均质化趋势。主成分分析各菌株的位置和相互间的距离也与遗传距离、系统发育树和群体特征相符。本文不但为评估野生与不同栽培类型灵芝种质的多样性和群体分化特征提供了有价值的数据,还为灵芝农艺性状分析和专用型新品种选育、发展提供了理论依据。Ganoderma lingzhi is a famous traditional Chinese medicine.Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of the germplasm resources of G.lingzhi is crucial for the effective conservation,development and utilization of the fungus.In this study,the genetic diversity and population characteristics of 62 G.lingzhi germplasms from wild and different cultivated types were analyzed by whole-genome resequencing.In total,1388506 SNP loci,172341 InDel loci,2003 high-quality polymorphic SNP loci,and polymorphism index PIC 0.031–0.755 were obtained.The genetic diversity and population characteristics of G.lingzhi germplasm resources showed that the genetic distance was 0.0111–0.5940.The genetic distance and NJ phylogenetic tree showed that the natural cultivated strains,factory cultivated strains and a part of wild strains were mixed into one clade.The greenhouse-cultivated and factory-cultivated strains clustered into one clade respectively,and the result was consistent with that under observation of artificial domestication and selective breeding of G.lingzhi.Nature-imitative cultivated strains(cultivation imitating woodland environment)and some greenhouse cultivated strains were clustered into one clade,and the genetic differentiation is nearly undetected.Population analysis showed that the germplasm resources of G.lingzhi could be divided into five subgroups.Except for the wild-type subgroup,the genetic background of other subgroups was simple relatively,showing genetic homogenization of cultivated G.lingzhi germplasm.Principal component analysis(PCA)showed that the location and distance of each strain were consistent with genetic distance,phylogenetic tree and population characteristics.This paper provides valuable genome resequencing data for evaluating the diversity and population differentiation characteristics of wild and different cultivated types of G.lingzhi germplasm,being helpful to the analysis of agronomic traits of G.lingzhi and breeding of new varieties.

关 键 词：灵芝 全基因组重测序 种质 遗传多态性 群体特征 

分 类 号：S567.31[农业科学—中草药栽培]