三种组合基质垂直潜流人工湿地对微污染河水的净化效果  

Purification effect of three combined substrate vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands on slightly polluted river water

作　　者：全爽 刘健 张鹏飞 展巨宏 张佩 纪兴华 魏炜 QUAN Shuang;LIU Jian;ZHANG Pengfei;ZHAN Juhong;ZHANG Pei;JI Xinghua;WEI Wei(CIECC Overseas Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Beijing,100048,China;Suzhou Tsingyang Environmental Technology Co.Ltd.Suzhou,215163,China;Research Institute for Environmental Innovation(Suzhou),Tsinghua,Suzhou,215163,China)

机构地区：[1]中咨海外咨询有限公司,北京100048 [2]苏州清氧环境科技有限公司,苏州215163 [3]清华苏州环境创新研究院,苏州215163

出　　处：《环境化学》2024年第11期3698-3706,共9页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(Z191100006919003)资助.

摘　　要：构建了建筑垃圾、铁碳和火山岩负载纳米氧化铝的3种组合基质填料的垂直潜流人工湿地,比较了组合填料湿地和单一填料湿地对模拟微污染河水中COD、氨氮和总磷的净化效果,进一步评估了组合填料湿地对氟化物和12种药品及个人护理用品(pharmaceuticals and personal care products,PPCPs)的降解效果.结果显示,6个月的实验期内,在COD、氨氮和总磷进水浓度分别为30 mg·L^(−1)、1.5 mg·L^(−1)和0.5 mg·L^(−1)时,组合填料湿地具有更全面的污染物净化能力,对COD、氨氮和总磷的平均去除率分别达到82.9%、86.6%、67.4%,出水均可达到地表Ⅲ类水质标准以上.此外,组合填料湿地对氟化物的平均去除率为18.6%,对12种PPCPs的降解效果差异明显.微生物群落的宏基因组学分析显示,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)均是不同填料湿地微生物系统里的优势菌门,而属水平下的种群丰度在各系统中有明显差异.组合填料中除了优势菌种外,还发现了丰度较高的放线菌门(Actinobacteria),以及细杆菌属(Microbacterium)和噬氢菌属(Hydrogenophaga).同时,氮代谢基因丰度和磷代谢基因丰度均在组合填料湿地中最高,表明组合填料湿地系统中具有更丰富的微生物群落环境,这也解释了该系统对不同污染物均有较好的净化效果的原因.A vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland with construction waste,iron-carbon and volcanic rock loaded nano-alumina was constructed.The purification effects of the combined substrate wetland and the single substrate wetland on COD,ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in simulated micro-polluted river water were compared,and the degradation effects of the combined substrate wetland on fluoride and 12 kinds of pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)were further evaluated.The results indicated that during the 6 month experimental period,the combined substrate wetland exhibited comprehensive pollutant removal capabilities when the influent concentrations of COD,ammonia nitrogen,and total phosphorus were 30 mg·L^(-1),1.5 mg·L^(-1),and 0.5 mg·L^(-1),respectively.The average removal efficiencies for COD,ammonia nitrogen,and total phosphorus were found to be 82.9%,86.6%,and 67.4%,respectively.The effluent quality met or exceeded the Surface Water Quality ClassⅢstandard.In addition,the average fluoride removal rate of the combined substrate wetland was 18.6%,and the degradation effect of the 12 kinds of PPCPs was significantly different.Metagenomic analysis of microbial communities has shown that Proteobacteria is the dominant phylum in different substrate wetland microbial systems,and the population abundance at the genus level is significantly different in each system.In addition to dominant bacteria,Actinobacteria,Microbacterium and Hydrogenophaga were found to be abundant in the combined substrate.At the same time,the abundance of nitrogen metabolism genes and phosphorus metabolism genes were the highest in the combined substrate wetland,indicating that the combined substrate wetland system has a richer microbial community environment,which also explains why the system has a better purification effect on different pollutants.

关 键 词：人工湿地 永定河 组合填料 宏基因组学分析 

分 类 号：X-1[环境科学与工程] O6[理学—化学]