快速城市化进程中地下水化学演化的驱动机制—以石家庄市为例  

The driving mechanism of groundwater chemical evolution in the process of rapid urbanization: Taking Shijiazhuang City as an example

作　　者：王龙 张千千[1,2] WANG Long;ZHANG Qianqian(Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Shijiazhuang,050061,China;Key Laboratory of Groundwater Contamination and Remediation,China Geological Survey(CGS)&Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang,050061,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,石家庄050061 [2]中国地质调查局/河北省地下水污染机理与修复重点实验室,石家庄050061

出　　处：《环境化学》2024年第11期3707-3715,共9页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42377232);河北省自然科学基金(D2022504015)资助.

摘　　要：随着城市化的快速发展,地下水化学演化受到人类活动显著的影响.但是,关于不同城市化发展阶段地下水水化学演化的驱动机制仍然不明确,严重影响了地下水保护工作的开展.本研究以快速城市化地区——石家庄作为研究对象,通过收集1985—2015年19个地下水监测井长时间序列的水化学数据,应用Piper三线图、Gibbs图、离子比值端元图等水文地球化学方法,研究了地下水水化学演化特征及驱动因素.结果表明,随着城市化进程的加快,地下水各水化学组分浓度呈现逐渐升高的趋势,特别是TH和NO_(3)−在城市化高级阶段,二者的超标率分别高达23.7%和71.0%,说明随着城市化的发展,地下水化学已经受到人类活动的显著影响.地下水的水化学类型由城市化初级阶段的HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Mg型水向高级阶段的SO_(4)·HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg型水转变.3个城市化阶段的地下水化学组分主要来自于碳酸盐溶解,水化学作用由城市化初级阶段的溶滤作用主导,转变为城市化高级阶段的溶滤作用和人类活动共同主导.而人类活动对地下水化学的影响在城市化初级阶段主要以工业活动为主,而在城市化高级阶段农业活动对地下水化学的影响更为显著.基于上述结论,建议在未来的地下水管理中应该控制农业施肥量、科学施肥以及禁止各类污水不达标排放,同时应该加强对地下水开采的监管力度,以减少城市化发展对地下水化学演化过程的影响.With the rapid development of urbanization,the hydrochemical evolution of groundwater was significantly affected by human activities.However,the driving mechanisms of groundwater chemical evolution at different stages of urbanization are still unclear,which seriously affects the implementation of groundwater protection work.In this study,Shijiazhuang,a rapidly urbanizing area,was chosen as the research subject.The long-time series data of 19 groundwater monitoring wells from 1985 to 2015 were collected,and hydrogeochemical methods,such as Piper trilinear diagram,Gibbs diagram,ion ratio end-member diagram,and ion ratio analysis,were applied to study the characteristics and driving factors of groundwater chemical evolution.The results showed that with the acceleration of urbanization,the concentration of each chemical component in groundwater gradually increased.Especially at the advanced stage of urbanization,the excessive rates of TH and NO_(3)-are as high as 23.7%and 71.0%,respectively,indicating that the groundwater chemistry has been significantly influenced by human activities with the development of urbanization.The main water chemistry type changed from HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Mg type in the early stage of urbanization to SO_(4)·HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg type in the advanced stage.During the three stages of urbanization,the main source of groundwater chemical composition was carbonate dissolution.The hydrochemical process was dominated by dissolution in the early stage of urbanization,and has transformed into dissolution and human activities in the advanced stage.The impact of Human activities on groundwater chemistry mainly came from industrial activities in the primary urbanization stage and agricultural activities in advanced stages.Based on these conclusions,it is recommended that future groundwater management should control the amount of agricultural fertilization,apply scientific fertilization and prohibit unqualified discharge of various types of sewage.Meanwhile,the supervision of groundwater exploitation should

关 键 词：城市化 地下水化学 水岩作用 驱动机制 

分 类 号：X-1[环境科学与工程] O6[理学—化学]