论丁尼生《悼念集》中的物种灭绝书写与现代生态学意识  

On Species Extinction and Modern Ecological Consciousness in Tennyson's In Memoriam

作　　者：高贤铭 Gao Xianming(School of Foreign Languages,Changshu Institute of Technology)

机构地区：[1]常熟理工学院外国语学院,江苏常熟215500

出　　处：《外国文学》2024年第6期164-176,共13页Foreign Literature

摘　　要：早期生态批评从英美浪漫主义文学中追溯当代生态思想的源流,但将生态观局限在生态整体主义中,过于强调整体的统摄,忽略了个体的能动性。英国维多利亚时代的诗人丁尼生吸收了19世纪自然科学中孕育的现代生态学思想,其《悼念集》中的物种灭绝书写描绘了一个具有环境能动性和物种交互性特征的生态网络,展现了不同于浪漫主义的物性诗学。丁尼生运用沉积、风蚀等地质学元素,将物种灭绝置于环境自身的变动中,并展现了人类同非人类物种相互形塑的生态关系,还将对个体的情感延伸至自然万物,补充了早期生态学中缺失的情感元素。《悼念集》中新的生态诗学路径和现代生态学意识不仅是对浪漫主义的改造,更为思考人类世当下的物种关系提供了有益启发。Early scholars of Ecocriticism traced the origin of contemporary ecological thought in Anglo-American romantic literature. They, however, confined the ecology to ecological holism, with a result of overemphasizing the unity of the whole at the sacrifice of the agency of individual components. Tennyson, a Victorian poet, absorbed the modern ecological notions conceived in the scientific thoughts in the 19th century. His writings on species extinction in In Memoriam described an ecological network with the characteristics of environmental agency and species interaction, displaying the feature of materialistic poetics as a variant of romantic poetics. Tennyson used geological concepts such as sedimentation and erosion to attribute the reality of extinction to the transformation of environment, demonstrated the interactive relationship between human beings and nonhuman species, and transformed his mourning for friends into the affection for nature,complementing the early ecology with the force of affect. Tennyson's writings of species extinction in In Memoriam not only transformed the organic holism of romanticism into modern ecology, but also provided useful inspiration for thinking about the relationship between species in the Anthropocene.

关 键 词：丁尼生 《悼念集》 物种灭绝 现代生态学 

分 类 号：I561[文学—其他各国文学]