变量施药技术研究现状与前景分析  

Current Situation and Prospect in Research of Variable Pesticide Application Technology

作　　者：周海威 丁素明 薛新宇 孙竹 徐阳 Zhou Haiwei;Ding Suming;Xue Xinyu;Sun Zhu;Xu Yang(Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210014)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《宁夏农林科技》2024年第9期11-18,共8页Journal of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2001401);山东省重点研发项目(2022SDGC0204-NJS);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2024BBF01013);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金CX(21)3091。

摘　　要：变量施药技术在提高农药利用率、实现有效的病虫害防控和降低环境风险方面具有巨大潜力和广阔前景。重点分析了变量施药的信息采集、喷雾决策和喷雾控制方式3个重要环节,通过对比超声波传感器、视觉传感器和LiDAR(light detection and ranging)传感器的研究现状,指出传感器的精度和稳定性、实时响应和操作延时、系统集成和数据融合是主要挑战。在论述了当前所采用的GA(ground area)模型、TRV(tree row volum)模型和LWA(leaf wall area)模型的基础上,提出未来的研究应致力于提升传感器的精度和稳定性,并结合多学科方法改进喷雾模型,对国内外典型的变量喷雾技术进行介绍。旨在为变量施药技术的发展与推广提供一定的参考。Variable pesticide application technology has great potential and broad prospects in improving the utilization rate of pesticides,realizing effective pest control and reducing environmental risks.Three important links including information collection,spray decision-making and spray control mode of variable pesticide application were analyzed.Based on the comparison of research status of ultrasonic sensor,vision sensor and LiDAR(light detection and ranging)sensor,it is pointed out that sensor accuracy and stability,real-time response and operation delay,system integration and data fusion are the main challenges.Based on the discussion of the ground area(GA)model,tree row volum(TRV)model and leaf wall area(LWA)model,it is proposed that the future research should focus on improving the accuracy and stability of the sensor,and improve the spray model with multidisciplinary methods.The typical variable spraying technology at home and abroad introduced in order to provide some reference for the development and popularization of variable pesticideis application technology.

关 键 词：变量施药 田间信息采集 喷雾决策 脉宽调制 

分 类 号：S49[农业科学—植物保护]