上海地区住宅供暖空调能耗水平及其影响因素  

Energy consumption levels and influencing factors of residential heating and air conditioning in Shanghai

作　　者：梁耀文 陈雯思 张静思 许润泽 罗茂辉[1] 周翔[1] Liang Yaowen;Chen Wensi;Zhang Jingsi;Xu Runze;Luo Maohui;Zhou Xiang(Tongji University,Shanghai;Midea Corporate Research Center,Shanghai)

机构地区：[1]同济大学,上海市201804 [2]美的集团中央研究院,上海

出　　处：《暖通空调》2024年第12期88-95,共8页Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2022YFC3801500),国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:52178087);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目。

摘　　要：通过问卷调研和现场测试,分析了上海地区居住建筑的空调和供暖设备数量及使用比例、居民的使用习惯、能耗水平及室内热舒适性,讨论了空调能耗随时间变化趋势及原因。结果显示:近十几年来上海地区居住建筑的户均空调数量稳步增加,2022年已达3.5台/户,热泵型空调是最常用的供暖设备,2022年在供暖设备中占比高达87%;空调供暖和燃气+地暖的能耗和室内舒适性差异明显,空调制冷、空调供暖、燃气+地暖的平均能耗分别为6.8、4.7、17.4 kW·h/(m^(2)·a),燃气+地暖的室内热舒适性评价相对较高;从2008年至2022年,人员的舒适性偏好提高,经济性偏好降低,空调和供暖能耗上升趋势明显。Through a questionnaire survey and on-site testing,the number and usage ratio of air conditioning and heating equipment,residents usage habits,energy consumption levels and indoor thermal comfort in residential buildings in Shanghai are analysed,and the trend and reasons for air conditioning energy consumption over time are discussed.The results show that the average number of air conditioners per household in residential buildings in Shanghai has steadily increased over the past ten years,and has reached 3.5 units per household in 2022.Heat pump-type air conditioners are the most commonly used heating equipment,accounting for 87%of the heating equipment in 2022.There are obvious differences in energy consumption and indoor comfort between the air conditioner heating and the gas plus radiant floor heating.The average energy consumption of air conditioner cooling,air conditioner heating,and gas plus radiant floor heating is 6.8,4.7,17.4 kWh/(m^(2)·a),respectively.The indoor thermal comfort of the gas plus radiant floor heating is relatively better.From 2008 to 2022,the comfort preference of the personnel increases,the economic preference decreases,and the energy consumption of air conditioning and heating has a clear upward trend.

关 键 词：供暖 空调 燃气+地暖 能耗 住宅 影响因素 使用习惯 热舒适 

分 类 号：TU83[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程] TU111.195