实时多媒体传输延迟优化:架构、进展与展望  

Latency Optimization in Real-Time Multimedia Transmission:Architecture,Progress and the Future

作　　者：孟子立 徐明伟[1,2] Meng Zili;Xu Mingwei(Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084;Department of Computer Science and Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学网络科学与网络空间研究院,北京100084 [2]清华大学计算机科学与技术系,北京100084

出　　处：《计算机研究与发展》2024年第12期3054-3068,共15页Journal of Computer Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(62221003)。

摘　　要：实时多媒体传输是互联网最重要的应用之一,其系统对于传输延迟提出了很高的需求.其中,延迟波动是延迟优化中最具有挑战性的问题.然而,传统的尽力而为的传输服务在很多情况下无法满足实时多媒体传输对延迟波动的要求.首先,阐述了实时多媒体传输面临的主要挑战.其次,分析了如果要优化实时多媒体传输的延迟亟需解决的关键问题.基于上述问题归纳了实时多媒体传输系统架构中的2个关键通路、5个核心组件.围绕各个组件涉及的技术,梳理了代表性研究成果.在此基础上,总结了面向实时多媒体传输及低延迟应用的研究分支,并对各研究分支优化算法与应用进行综述.通过分析发现,延迟的尾部波动是实时多媒体延迟优化应关注的主要目标.最后,提出了未来可能的研究方向.Real-time multimedia transmission is one of the most important applications of the Internet,with the applications such as videoconferencing,cloud gaming,virtual reality and so on.In the same time,the real-time multimedia transmission systems therefore demand high requirements for the end-to-end transmission latency.Among them,latency fluctuation is the most challenging problem in latency optimization.However,traditional‘best-effort’transmission services in the Internet cannot meet the requirements of latency fluctuations for real-time multimedia transmission in many cases.We firstly elaborates the main challenges faced by real-time multimedia transmission.Secondly,we analyze the key issues that need to be addressed to optimize the latency of real-time multimedia transmission.Based on these issues,two key paths(control path and data path)and five core components in the architecture of real-time multimedia transmission system are summarized.Around the technologies involved in each component,representative research results are summarized and discussed,especially for the research efforts in the recent years.Based on the analysis above,the research branches for real-time multimedia transmission and lowlatency applications are summarized,and the optimization algorithms and applications for each research branch are reviewed.A key finding in this paper is that the fluctuation of latency is the key metric that research needs to work on.Finally,we also discuss and propose possible future research directions for the readers.

关 键 词：实时多媒体传输 延迟波动 实时性 网络体系结构 低延迟传输 

分 类 号：TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]