水稻根系形态生理应答盐胁迫与氮肥调控的生理机制研究进展  

Research Progress of the Physiological Mechanism of Rice Root Morphology and Physiology Response to Salt Stress and Nitrogen Regulation

作　　者：肖梅娟 费涵 卜韦程 张网定 Nimir Eltyb Ahmed Nimir 朱广龙 XIAO Mei-juan;FEI Han;BU Wei-cheng(Hanjiang District Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009;Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China,Yangzhou,Jiagnsu 225009)

机构地区：[1]扬州市邗江区农业农村局,江苏扬州225009 [2]扬州大学教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室,江苏扬州225009 [3]江苏省扬州市气象局,江苏扬州225009 [4]苏丹喀土穆大学农学院,喀土穆11115

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第23期7-10,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFE0108100);江苏省自然科学基金面上项目(BK20221371);“一带一路”创新人才交流外国专家项目(DL2023014011L)。

摘　　要：土壤盐渍化日益加剧、盐碱地面积逐步扩大,已成为制约粮食生产的主要因素。探究作物的耐盐机理及开展作物耐盐调控生产对确保粮食安全意义重大。水稻是主要的粮食作物,为盐敏感型作物。根系是水稻定植立苗、吸收养分与水分的主要器官,并直接参与各类生长代谢。盐分环境中水稻根系最先感应盐分胁迫而影响根系形态构建,导致地上部分植株生长的养分供应不足进而严重减产。因此,研究盐胁迫对水稻根系形态生理的影响和相关耐盐调控机制具有重要的意义。综述了盐胁迫对水稻根系形态构建、根系生理活性变化及相关生理代谢途径的影响,分析了根系形态生理与地上部植株生长与产量形成的相互关系,总结了氮肥运筹调控措施减轻水稻根系盐胁迫的生理机制,并对今后的研究重点进行展望,以期为耐盐水稻品种的选育和耐盐栽培技术的构建提供新参考。Recently,salinity stress has become one of the major constraints to crop production caused by soil salinization even worse than ever before and saline-alkali land area expanding more quickly.It is of great significance to explore the mechanisms of plants response to salt stress and regulate crops to salt tolerance production in order to ensure food security.Rice is the main staple food for human diet and it is sensitive to salinity.Root system is the main organ which plant used to seedling establish,and absorb water and nutrients,and directly involved in many kinds of growth metabolism.In salinity conditions,rice roots are the first to sense salt stress,which affects root morphology and nutrient uptake,resulting in insufficient nutrient supply to plant growth and lead to yield reduction.Therefore,it is vital to study the effect of salt stress on root morphology and physiology traits of rice and the related mechanisms for crops to regulate salt tolerance.In this paper,the effects of salt stress on root morphological construction,root physiological activity and related physiological metabolic pathways were reviewed,the relationship between root morphology and physiology and plant growth and yield formation was analyzed,the physiological mechanism of nitrogen management to alleviate salt stress to rice root was summarized.And the future research directions were prospected.The aim of the paper was to provide a new reference to breed salt-tolerant rice genotypes and develop salt-tolerant cultivation technology.

关 键 词：盐胁迫 水稻 根系形态 根系活力 耐盐调控 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]